Vascular plant checklist in an area of extreme biological importance: filling gaps in the Caparaó National Park-ES, Brazil

Abstract

Regional floristic lists are essential for defining biodiversity conservation strategies and are key to assist in filling knowledge gaps. They aim to provide a data source for applying tools to reduce extinction rates and to conserve ecosystems. Herein we present the results of an inventory of vascular plants in a rainforest in the Caparaó National Park (CNP) and approach their implications for conservation and management of this protected area and the surrounding communities. We conducted botanical expeditions between the years 2012 and 2017 in a montane and upper-montane forest of the CNP. We found 361 species distributed in 78 families and 181 genera. The study area is home to new species for science that have recently been described in other publications outside that location, and 4 new records for Espírito Santo State; also 43 species listed in different extinction threat categories (VU, EN and CR) and another 190 categorized with lesser concerns (LC and NT). The families with the highest species richness were: Melastomataceae (41 spp.), Lauraceae and Myrtaceae (30), Orchidaceae (26), Rubiaceae (24), and Asteraceae (20). Our results contribute to greater knowledge of the CNP flora, of the montane environments in Brazil and the vegetation of Espírito Santo state, in addition to demonstrate the importance of this protected area to the conservation Atlantic Forest biodiversity.

Flora of Espírito Santo: tribe Microlicieae (Melastomataceae)

“…occur in the area. Unfortunately, the illegal extraction of plants, use of pesticides, and deforestation in the surrounding areas have negatively impacted the park (Moreira et al 2020;Araújo et al 2021) and threatening its flora and fauna. The "Reserva Natural Vale" has about 22,000 ha, and it is located in northern Espírito Santo, municipalities of Linhares and Jaguaré (Costa & Silva 2003;Rolim et al 2016); it is also part of the Central Corridor of the Atlantic Forest.…”