Vascular Plant Breakdown in Freshwater Ecosystems

Webster, Jackson R.; Benfield, E. F.

doi:10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.003031

Cited by 1,365 publications

(1,104 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…52, 53,58,61, T6th and. This makes the breakdown rate of dead Phragmites material to be 10 to 50 fold lower than in fresh submerged macrophytes (Webster and Benfield 1986). During the decay, refractory components (e.g., lignin) accumulate in the litter, leading to an additional reduction in decay rate ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of winter reed harvesting and burning on the nutrient economy of reed beds

Ostendorp

1995

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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The fringing reeds (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Poaceae) at Lake Constance-Untersee were mown or bumt in winter thereby drastically reducing the addition of decomposable organic malter to the sediment. The purpose of this study was to test whether or not this management significantly decreased the contents of organic matter and nutrients in the surface sediment layer and if the oxygen conditions in the withinreed water body improved. Hypotheses were tested by monitoring 6 treated reed beds and 3 reference fields over aperiod of up to 4 years. The sediment/water systcm of reed beds was found to be weil buffered against the removal of the current year's crop of dead Phragmites straw, because only slight, and mostly insignificant, differences between treated and untreated reeds were detected. Hence, the benefit of winter reed harvesting to reduce nutrient overloading of the reed-belts and the 'die-back' of reeds remains dubious.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water temperature, oxygen saturation and nutrient supply are important factors that control the decomposition of the Phragmites liller (Webster and Benfield 1986). Small variations of these physical and chemieal properties in the BWL of treated and untreated reeds may affect the litler decay rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of winter reed harvesting and burning on the nutrient economy of reed beds

Ostendorp

1995

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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“…Foi determinada a biomassa remanescente final (%R) e a partir desta foi calculada a taxa de decomposição (-k). Para esta análise foi utilizado um modelo exponencial (petersen & Cummins, 1974;anderson et al, 1983;WeBster & Benfield, 1986;Benfield, 1996) e utilizado sistematicamente (e.g., Graça et al, 2005;BarBosa & rodriGues, 2007;ruppenthal et al, 2007;aGra et al, 2013). Foi aplicada a correlação de Spearman (S) para analisar a perda da massa foliar e abundância dos macroinvertebrados, para (i) os dois tipos de tratamento, (ii) tempo de exposição e (iii) os blocos de coleta, utilizando o software BioEstat 5.0.…”

Section: Materiais E Métodosunclassified

“…Outro modo de fragmentação é o processo realizado pelos invertebrados, principalmente, os que ocupam o nível trófico dos herbívoros fragmentadores, que colonizam e se alimentam dos detritos foliares já colonizados ou não por microrganismos e contribuem para decomposição dos riachos (WeBster & Benfield, 1986). Os fragmentadores são escassos nos trópicos devido às altas temperaturas, sua diversidade torna-se mais baixa, aumentando a diversidade dos demais grupos tróficos (Boyero et al, 2011).…”

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Colonização de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em detritos foliares em um riacho de primeira ordem na Floresta Atlântica do nordeste brasileiro

Santos

Rodrigues

2015

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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ABSTRACT. Colonization of leaf litter by benthic macroinvertebrates in an Atlantic forest stream from northeast Brazil. The aim of this study was to analyze the colonization of Inga ingoides (Leguminosae) leaves by benthic macroinvertebrates in field experiments. A total of 270 leaf packs, distributed in three stretches, were submerged of similar morphology and physical and chemical parameters of water between February to July 2013, and retrieved after 7, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. Two treatments were used: colonization and exclusion of benthic macroinvertebrates. The leaf weight loss (%R) was greater to colonization than exclusion of benthic fauna, showing the role of macroinvertebrates in the leaf breakdown. Shredders played a minor role in the leaf breakdown. Filtering was the main trophic feeding group (45.6%), followed by predator (31.2%), collector (11.8%), scrapers (6.7%) and shredders (4.8%). Triplectides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae), Polypedillum, and Stenochironomus (Diptera, Chironomidae) were the most frequent shredders. KEYWORDS.Benthic fauna, leaf breakdown, protected areas, shredders, stream ecology. RESUMO.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a colonização de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em detritos foliares de Inga ingoides (Leguminosae) em experimentos de campo em um riacho de primeira ordem da Mata Atlântica do Estado de Pernambuco no nordeste do Brasil. Um total de 270 bolsas de folhiço, distribuídas em três trechos do riacho com características similares em relação à morfologia e parâmetros físicos e químicos da água foram submersas, entre fevereiro a julho de 2013 e retiradas após 7, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias. Dois tratamentos foram utilizados: colonização e exclusão da macrofauna. O percentual de biomassa remanescente final (%R) foi maior para bolsas de colonização do que para as de exclusão, evidenciando a efetiva participação dos macroinvertebrados no processo de decomposição. Os fragmentadores apresentaram menor participação no processo de decomposição foliar de I. ingoides, sendo Tripletides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae), Polypedillum e Stenochironomus (Diptera, Chironomidae) os táxons predominantes na macrofauna. Filtrador foi o grupo trófico funcional predominante (45,6%), seguido por predador (31,2%), coletor (11,8%), raspador (6,7%) e fragmentador (4,8%). PALAVRAS-CHAVE.Decomposição foliar, ecologia de riachos, fauna bentônica, fragmentadores, unidade de conservação.Os macroinvertebrados são importantes para os ecossistemas aquáticos por desempenhar papel fundamental na degradação do material alóctone em riachos, principalmente nas nascentes. São comumente utilizados como ferramenta em Unidades de Conservação, para o monitoramento da qualidade da água, auxiliando na gestão das águas dessas áreas protegidas que atuam como prestadora de serviços ambientais. Assim, os macroinvertebrados podem se configurar como complemento essencial nas análises de água, contribuindo para a avaliação ecológica desses ecossistemas.A decomposição nos corpos d'água como processo ecossistêmico é tão importante como a...

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“…Macroinvertebrate shredders, organisms that feed directly on leaf tissues while converting coarse matter into small particles, are important in litter breakdown in many systems (Webster and Benfield, 1986;Wallace and Webster, 1996;Graça et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships of shredders, leaf processing and organic matter along a canopy cover gradient in tropical streams

2017

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Terrestrial allochthonous organic matter represents a structuring element and an important source of energy and carbon to fauna in small forested streams. However, the role of this matter as a food resource for benthic macroinvertebrates, and consequently, for shredders and their performance in riverine processes, is not clear in low-order tropical streams. Aiming to investigate the relationship between shredders and leaves, we analyzed along a gradient of 8-93% canopy cover biomass and abundance of shredders, accumulated leaves and breakdown rates of local leaves to verify if these parameters were related to shade conditions and to each other. Three hypotheses were tested: i) shredder biomass, accumulated leaves and breakdown rates are related to canopy cover and exhibit higher values in shaded sites; ii) shredder biomass is positively related to accumulated leaves and breakdown rates; and iii) due to the relatively large body size of the important shredders, the association of shredders with leaves and importance to leaf processing should be better expressed in terms of guild biomass than abundance. Shredder biomass varied between 846 and 1506 mg dry mass (DM) m -2 and accumulated leaves varied between 479 and 1120 g ash free dry mass (AFDM) m -2 across sites. Leaf breakdown rate (k), the only measured variable that varied significantly among sites, varied between -0.0015 and -0.0238 day -1 . Neither shredder biomass nor leaf biomass were associated with the shading gradient. On the other hand, shredder abundance and biomass, mainly represented by Triplectides (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae), was positively related to accumulated leaves within sites and to breakdown rates assessed by leaf packs. Leaf breakdown, as assessed by the experimental leaf packs, was associated with shredder biomass, but not with shredder abundance. This result suggests that macroinvertebrates are important for leaf detritus processing and that their biomass reflects their activity, presumably because it is related to their secondary production and perhaps non-consumptive action. Their activity was observed at the scale of leaf packs and not at the scale of variation in canopy cover because apparently canopy did not modulate availability of leaves, which were apparently not limiting to the shredders.

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Vascular Plant Breakdown in Freshwater Ecosystems

Cited by 1,365 publications

References 187 publications

Impact of winter reed harvesting and burning on the nutrient economy of reed beds

Impact of winter reed harvesting and burning on the nutrient economy of reed beds

Colonização de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em detritos foliares em um riacho de primeira ordem na Floresta Atlântica do nordeste brasileiro

Relationships of shredders, leaf processing and organic matter along a canopy cover gradient in tropical streams

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