Vascular permeability and axonal regeneration in tissues autotransplanted into the brain

Heinicke, E.

doi:10.1007/bf00707104

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…From the presence of extravascular leukocytes in the dermis it was inferred that sensitized lymphocytes could probably also have infiltrated the grafts. Similar observations of a variety of transplanted non-neural tissues in mice (Heinicke, 1978(Heinicke, , 1979 are in agreement with these findings.…”

Section: (C) Observations Incompatible With the Hypothesissupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Tello (191 I , cited from Cajal, 1928) stated that grafts of rabbits' peripheral nerves in the brain were penetrated by numerous cerebral axons, but his observations could not be reproduced by Clark (1942). In the mouse, however, such grafts are penetrated by numerous axons, which are seen to be longitudinally orientated in the transplanted nerves (Horvat, 1966; Heinicke, 1978Heinicke, , 1979. When a spinal or sympathetic ganglion is transplanted into the brain of the same or another animal, axons of the neurones in the ganglia grow out into the surrounding connective tissue, but not into the cerebral parenchyma.…”

Section: (B) Transplantation Of Perzpheral ~O U Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When small pieces of skin are auto-or homografted into the cerebral hemispheres of rabbits (Shirai, 1935; Glees & Erikson, 1954), rats (Nathaniel & Clemente, 1959; Heinicke & Kiernan, 1978) or mice (Horvat, 1966, 19673; Heinicke, 1978), they are invaded by nerve fibres from both grey and white matter. These axons ramify in the dermal and epidermal tissue, but do not form characteristic cutaneous end-formations.…”

Section: (7) Regeneration Of Axom Into Non-neural Tissues Transplantementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most profusely innervated tissue was that of the salivary gland. Using autografts into the cerebral hemispheres of adult mice, Heinicke (1978Heinicke ( , 1979 found only slight axonal growth into salivary gland tissue, but fairly abundant innervation of pieces of thyroid gland. The latter author also observed axonal regeneration into vascularized regions of fragments of tendon transplanted into the brain.…”

Section: ( D ) Other Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From these considerations, it is evident that for regeneration to occur there must be a favourable interaction between the axons and the cellular or intercellular matrix ** Of all the AChE-containing cerebral axons abutting against an implanted piece of skin, only a small minority grow into the graft (Heinicke & Kiernan, 1978). Most of the axons in such transplant8 do not contain AChE.…”

Section: (B) Compatibility Between Regenerating Axons and The Surrounmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypotheses Concerned With Axonal Regeneration in the Mammalian Nervous System

Kiernan

1979

Biological Reviews

257

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Section: (C) Observations Incompatible With the Hypothesissupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: (B) Transplantation Of Perzpheral ~O U Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (7) Regeneration Of Axom Into Non-neural Tissues Transplantementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ( D ) Other Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (B) Compatibility Between Regenerating Axons and The Surrounmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypotheses Concerned With Axonal Regeneration in the Mammalian Nervous System

Kiernan

1979

Biological Reviews

257

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Retinal axon regeneration in peripheral nerve, tectal, and muscle grafts in adult rats

Tan

Harvey

1999

J. Comp. Neurol.

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This study examined whether prior regenerative growth through peripheral nerve (PN) bridging grafts influenced the specificity with which lesioned adult rat retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons grew into co‐grafts of developing target tissue (fetal superior colliculus). Growth into nontarget (muscle) tissue was also examined. Autologous PN was grafted onto the transected optic nerve. After 14 days, the distal ends of the PNs were placed next to, or inserted into, embryonic tectal tissue or into autologous muscle grafts placed in frontal cortex cavities. Host retinal projections were examined 3–8 months later using anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques. In rats in which there was good apposition between PN and tectal tissue, small numbers of RGC axons were observed growing into the tectal grafts (maximum distance of 180 μm). No evidence of specific innervation of appropriate target regions within tectal grafts was detected, even though such regions (identified by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry) were often located close to the PN grafts. In rats with PN/muscle co‐grafts, the extent of retinal axon outgrowth was greater (up to 465 μm from the PN tip) and labelled profiles that resembled motor endplates were seen contacting muscle fibres. Previous studies have shown that spontaneously regenerating RGC axons consistently and selectively innervate appropriate target areas in fetal tectal tissue grafted directly into optic tract lesion cavities. Together, the data suggest that exposure to a PN environment may have reduced the extent of adult retinal axon growth into fetal tectal transplants and affected the way regenerating axons responded to specific developmental cues expressed by target cells in the co‐grafted tissue. J. Comp. Neurol. 412:617–632, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Vascular permeability in the peripheral autonomic and somatic nervous systems: Controversial aspects and comparisons with the blood-brain barrier

Kiernan

1996

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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Endothelium, choroidal epithelium, and arachnoid exclude plasma proteins from most parts of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Nerve roots, in contrast, have permeable capillaries and permeable pia‐arachnoid sheaths. Diffusion of plasma proteins into the cerebrospinal fluid is probably prevented by slow bulk flow along a pressure gradient from the subarachnoid space into the veins of the roots. In nerves, the perineurium prevents diffusion of proteins from the epineurium into the endoneurium. Capillaries within fascicles are permeable to macromolecules, though less so than the microvessels of roots and ganglia. Endoneurial vascular permeability is lowest in rats and mice, but even in these species albumin is normally present in the extracellular spaces around the nerve fibers. The so‐called blood‐nerve barrier is not equivalent to the blood‐brain barrier. Capillaries in sensory and sympathetic ganglia are fully permeable to macromolecules, and extravasated protein is in contact with neuronal cell bodies and neurites. An impenetrable perineurium surrounds each ganglion, but serves no obvious purpose when the vessels inside are as permeable as those outside. The enteric nervous system lacks a perineurium, and the neurons in its avascular ganglia and tracts are exposed to extracellular fluid formed by permeable vessels in adjacent tissues of the gut. The reasons for excluding macromolecules from some parts of the nervous system are obscure. Carrier‐mediated transport, which maintains a constant supply of ions, glucose, and other metabolites to cells in the CNS, would be impossible if larger molecules could diffuse freely. Presumably the metabolic needs of ganglia are adequately met by exchange vessels similar to those of nonnervous tissues. Most of the CNS is protected from exogenous toxic substances that bind to plasma proteins. Peripheral neurons and glial cells are damaged by some such substances because of the lack of blood‐tissue barriers. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Vascular permeability and axonal regeneration in tissues autotransplanted into the brain

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Hypotheses Concerned With Axonal Regeneration in the Mammalian Nervous System

Hypotheses Concerned With Axonal Regeneration in the Mammalian Nervous System

Retinal axon regeneration in peripheral nerve, tectal, and muscle grafts in adult rats

Vascular permeability in the peripheral autonomic and somatic nervous systems: Controversial aspects and comparisons with the blood-brain barrier

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