Vascular mechanisms of testosterone: The non-genomic point of view

Lorigo, Margarida; Mariana, Melissa; Lemos, Manuel C.; Cairrão, Elisa

doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105496

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…It seems that PDIA3 activity is essential for 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 membrane signalling, so, even if PDIA3 may not directly bind the hormone, the protein may serve as a molecular chaperone [73] for VDR or DBP or presently unknown proteins. Nongenomic effects have been described also for the steroids estrogen, [134,135] testosterone, [136] aldosterone [137] and cortisol. [138] The [139,140] 20(OH)D 3 and 20,23(OH) 2 D 3 as agonists of the transcription factor AhR [116] and reverse agonist of the nuclear receptors RORα and RORγ [114,115] in the skin and 24R,25(OH) 2 D 3 in bone via the membrane protein FAM57B2.…”

Section: Solving the D Is Pute?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D receptor(s): In the nucleus but also at membranes?

Żmijewski

Carlberg

2020

Experimental Dermatology

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Secosteroids are steroid compounds with an open Bring commonly found in fungi (vitamin D 2), plants, invertebrates and vertebrates (vitamin D 3). Evolutionary, vitamin D 3 is a very old molecule, [1] which is created in a non-enzymatic reaction when the direct cholesterol precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol is exposed to UV-B (290-320 nm), [2,3] that is, cholesterol synthesizing species use(d) vitamin D 3 for UV-B scavenging [4] (Figure 1). This implies that also humans can synthesize vitamin D 3 in their skin. Through the action of a variety of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes numerous vitamin D metabolites are created, [5] of which 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (25(OH)D 3) is the most stable (serum half-life some 3 weeks [6]) and abundant (a vitamin D sufficient person should have 25(OH)D 3 serum concentration of at least 75 nM [7]). The starting point of what is called today vitamin D endocrinology was some 550 million years ago, when in a boneless fish a receptor evolved that bound with high affinity the metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3). [8] This high affinity

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Section: Solving the D Is Pute?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D receptor(s): In the nucleus but also at membranes?

Żmijewski

Carlberg

2020

Experimental Dermatology

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“…Despite the fact that NO in uences the hormonal response of testosterone [38], the ingested dose of NO 3 − did not su ciently stimulate NO concentrations to modify testosterone levels and the T/C ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…As with NO, testosterone may stimulate a vasodilator effect [36,37]. However, testosterone appears to induce vasodilation at concentrations higher than 10 µmol/L, but at lower physiological concentrations NO seems to be involved in the vasodilatory effect of this hormone [38]. It seems that different NO concentrations could vary the hormonal response of cortisol and testosterone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Effects of Beetroot Juice Intake on CrossFit Performance by Assessing Hormonal, Metabolic and Mechanical Response: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Design

Garnacho-Castaño

Palau-Salvà

Serra-Payá

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Acute beetroot juice (BJ) intake has shown to enhance aerobic and anaerobic performance. However, no studies have evaluated the effects of BJ intake on CrossFit (CF) performance by linking hormonal, metabolic, and mechanical responses. The purpose of this study was to determine the causal physiological association between hormonal, metabolic and mechanical responses, and CF workouts performance after acute BJ intake. Methods: Twelve well-trained male practitioners undertook a CF workout after drinking 140 mL of BJ (~ 12.8 mmol NO3−) or placebo. The two experimental conditions (BJ or placebo) were administered using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. The CF workout consisted of repeating the same exercise routine twice: Wall ball (WB) shots plus full back squat (FBS) with 3-min rest (1st routine) or without rest (2nd routine) between the two exercises. A 3-min rest was established between the two exercise routines. Results: An interaction effect was observed in the number of repetitions performed (p = 0.04). The Bonferroni test determined a higher number of repetitions after BJ than placebo intake when a 3-min rest between WB and FBS (1st routine) was established (p = 0.007). An interaction effect was detected in cortisol response (p = 0.04). Cortisol showed a higher increase after BJ compared to placebo intake (76% vs. 36%, respectively). No interaction effect was observed in the testosterone and testosterone/cortisol ratio (p > 0.05). A significant interaction effect was found in oxygen saturation (p = 0.01). A greater oxygen saturation drop was observed in BJ compared to placebo (p < 0.05). An interaction effect was verified in muscular fatigue (p = 0.03) with a higher muscular fatigue being observed with BJ than placebo (p = 0.02). Conclusions: BJ intake improved anaerobic performance only after the recovery time between exercises. This increase in performance in the first routine probably generated greater hypoxia in the muscle mass involved, possibly conditioning post-exercise performance. This was observed with a fall in oxygen saturation and in muscle fatigue measured at the end of the CF workout. The greatest perceived changes in cortisol levels after BJ intake could be attributed to the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway

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“…As with NO, testosterone may stimulate a vasodilator effect [36,37]. However, testosterone appears to induce vasodilation at concentrations higher than 10 μmol/L, but at lower physiological concentrations NO seems to be involved in the vasodilatory effect of this hormone [38]. It seems that different NO concentrations could vary the hormonal response of cortisol and testosterone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is assumed that BJ intake considerably increases plasma NO 2 − levels [60]. Despite the fact that NO influences the hormonal response of testosterone [38], the ingested dose of NO 3 − did not sufficiently stimulate NO concentrations to modify testosterone levels and the T/C ratio. Testosterone response may have been conditioned by the cortisol levels observed after the CF workouts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the effects of beetroot juice intake on CrossFit performance by assessing hormonal, metabolic and mechanical response: a randomized, double-blind, crossover design

Garnacho-Castaño

Palau-Salvà

Serra-Payá

et al. 2020

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Background Acute beetroot juice (BJ) intake has shown to enhance aerobic and anaerobic performance. However, no studies have evaluated the effects of BJ intake on CrossFit (CF) performance by linking hormonal, metabolic, and mechanical responses. The purpose of this study was to determine the causal physiological association between hormonal, metabolic and mechanical responses, and CF workouts performance after acute BJ intake. Methods Twelve well-trained male practitioners undertook a CF workout after drinking 140 mL of BJ (~ 12.8 mmol NO3−) or placebo. The two experimental conditions (BJ or placebo) were administered using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. The CF workout consisted of repeating the same exercise routine twice: Wall ball (WB) shots plus full back squat (FBS) with 3-min rest (1st routine) or without rest (2nd routine) between the two exercises. A 3-min rest was established between the two exercise routines. Results An interaction effect was observed in the number of repetitions performed (p = 0.04). The Bonferroni test determined a higher number of repetitions after BJ than placebo intake when a 3-min rest between WB and FBS (1st routine) was established (p = 0.007). An interaction effect was detected in cortisol response (p = 0.04). Cortisol showed a higher increase after BJ compared to placebo intake (76% vs. 36%, respectively). No interaction effect was observed in the testosterone and testosterone/cortisol ratio (p > 0.05). A significant interaction effect was found in oxygen saturation (p = 0.01). A greater oxygen saturation drop was observed in BJ compared to placebo (p < 0.05). An interaction effect was verified in muscular fatigue (p = 0.03) with a higher muscular fatigue being observed with BJ than placebo (p = 0.02). Conclusions BJ intake improved anaerobic performance only after the recovery time between exercises. This increase in performance in the first routine probably generated greater hypoxia in the muscle mass involved, possibly conditioning post-exercise performance. This was observed with a fall in oxygen saturation and in muscle fatigue measured at the end of the CF workout. The greatest perceived changes in cortisol levels after BJ intake could be attributed to the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway.

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Vascular mechanisms of testosterone: The non-genomic point of view

Cited by 45 publications

References 175 publications

Vitamin D receptor(s): In the nucleus but also at membranes?

Vitamin D receptor(s): In the nucleus but also at membranes?

Understanding the Effects of Beetroot Juice Intake on CrossFit Performance by Assessing Hormonal, Metabolic and Mechanical Response: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Design

Understanding the effects of beetroot juice intake on CrossFit performance by assessing hormonal, metabolic and mechanical response: a randomized, double-blind, crossover design

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