Vascular Manifestations of HIV/AIDS

Scholtz, Leonie

doi:10.1007/s00270-004-0016-6

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“… 26 , 50 , 51 Complications of this modality include stent-graft sepsis, occlusion, endoleaks and missed opportunistic infections. 4 , 52 Scholtz 53 has raised concerns about this modality, from a radiological perspective, with regard to angiographic access, small-calibre vessels and contrast pooling in the multiple aneurysms. Despite these reservations, it remains an attractive alternative because it promotes flexibility of treatment options.…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-associated large-vessel vasculopathy: a review of the current and emerging clinicopathological spectrum in vascular surgical practice: review article

Pillay¹,

Ramdial²,

Naidoo³

2015

CVJA

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An established relationship exists between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the vascular system, which is characterised by clinical expressions of aneurysmal and occlusive disease that emanate from a common pathological process. The exact pathogenesis is currently unknown; attempts to implicate opportunistic pathogens have been futile. Theories converge on leucocytoclastic vasculitis with the vaso vasora as the vasculopathic epicentre. It is thought that the virus itself or viral proteins trigger the release of inflammatory mediators that cause endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscle proliferation leading to vascular injury and thrombosis. The beneficial effects of highly active anti-retroviral therapy alter the natural history of the disease profile and promote longevity but are negated by cardiovascular complications. Atherosclerosis is an emerging challenge. Presently patients are managed by standard surgical protocols because of non-existent universal surgical interventional guidelines. Clinical response to treatment is variable and often compounded by complications of graft occlusion, sepsis and poor wound healing. The clinical, imaging and pathological observations position HIV-associated large-vessel vasculopathy as a unique entity. This review highlights the spectrum of HIV-associated large-vessel aneurysmal, occlusive and atherosclerotic disease in vascular surgical practice.

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Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-associated large-vessel vasculopathy: a review of the current and emerging clinicopathological spectrum in vascular surgical practice: review article

Pillay¹,

Ramdial²,

Naidoo³

2015

CVJA

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“…Widespread digital ischaemic changes and gangrene of the hands and feet are uncommon in patients with HIV infection [2][3][4][5][6][7]. A few cases of one or two limb gangrene associated with HIV infection have been reported from other centres [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The only reported case of quadruple limb amputation reported in our environment was due to trauma [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Quadruple Limb Gangrene: An Unusual Presentation and Review of Literature

Edomwonyi¹,

Onuminya²,

Ogbemudia³

et al. 2013

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“…There is a pathognomonic sign with hypoechoic spotting within the arterial wall best described as string of pearls sign (Woolgar et al, 2002). Diagnostic angiography in known HIV-positive patients with vasculopathy requires awareness of the manifestations of the disease (Scholtz, 2004). The uncommon sites and multiplicity of vascular involvement usually imply that additional images, with an increased volume of contrast media, will be required.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%