Vascular malformations of the lower limb with osseous involvement

Abstract

Vascular malformations are rare congenital lesions which often have associated skeletal changes. Over a period of ten years, 90 patients at our clinic had a vascular anomaly of the lower limb, examined by either CT or MRI. Of these, 18 (20%) had bony involvement. A questionnaire was sent to these patients (8 men, 10 women) to evaluate their age of presentation, initial symptoms and current complaints. Radiological imaging revealed 15 low- and three high-flow lesions. The mean age at presentation to a physician was six years of age. Pain was the most common complaint. Disparity in leg length of 2 cm or more was observed in ten patients. Of the 16 patients with muscle infiltration, 13 had four or more muscles involved. Treatment by resection alone would require radical surgery.

Cardiopulmonary bypass in surgery for complex-combined vascular malformation of the lower limb: case report

“…The AV shunts in PWS can be so severe that congestive heart failure may be present at birth [5]. More commonly, flow problems evolve later in life.…”

“…Intervention is indicated for limb length discrepancy, digit or limb hypertrophy, and bleeding ulcers, and to improve function [5]. Useful palliation can be achieved by periodic embolization of the AV shunts, surgical interruption of growth plates by epiphysiodesis, and, in some cases, by ablative surgery.…”

Clinics in diagnostic imaging (169)

“…Patients may have combined osseous, muscular or subcutaneous infiltration. (18) Tenosynovitis is inflammation of the synovial membrane, which surrounds the tendon sheath (Figs. 11a-c).…”

A rare case of intracerebral hemorrhage due to arteriovenous malformation located at petrous portion of the temporal bone.

“…However, the most common sites are forehead, nose, ear, and cheek in the extracranium (11). Skeletal changes associated with these intraosseous vascular malformations are common and seen in up to 34% of cases (2). These changes include bony distortion, destruction, hypertrophy, hypoplasia, sclerosis or osteopenia, and primary intraosseous involvement (2); the extent and morphologic features of these changes can be detected on CT scan.…”

“…Skeletal alterations are commonly associated with vascular malformations (1,2). AVMs often involve soft tissue and bone, and AVMs confined to the bone are extremely rare (8).…”