Vascular lesion in a patient of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites: vasculitis induced by mosquito bite with the infiltration of nonneoplastic Epstein-Barr virus–positive cells and subsequent development of natural killer/T-cell lymphoma with angiodestruction

Kanno, Hiroyuki; Onodera, Hanae; Maeda, Fumihiko; Chida, Shoichi; Akasaka, Toshihide; Sawai, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2004.11.005

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Initially, 1998 records were retrieved from electronic databases and manual reference searches. After removing duplicates and the studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 61 articles (n = 271) were finally included (Figure ) 7,8,16,19,26–82 . After including 18 patients from the Asan Medical Center database, a total of 289 patients were identified.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological and prognostic study of primary cutaneous extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type: A systematic review

Jung

Yang

Won

et al. 2021

The Journal of Dermatology

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Comprehensive studies of primary cutaneous extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (PCENKTL) are scarce. The objectives of this study are to describe PCENKTL in terms of its clinical features, histopathology, immunophenotypes, and prognosis, and to analyze factors affecting patient survival outcomes. We searched four databases and include studies with extractable data. We also searched the Asan Medical Center database for cases of PCENKTL. We include a total of 289 patients. The mean age at diagnosis was 52.8 years and the female to male ratio was 1:1.2. The most common clinical morphology was a subcutaneous nodule, followed by ulceration. About half of the patients presented with disseminated skin lesions. The median overall survival was 12.0 months and the 5‐year survival rate was 22.0%. There was no correlation between the clinical morphology or the histopathological features of the skin lesions with the patient outcomes. Advanced TNM stage, a disseminated skin lesion, tumor location on the leg or trunk, the presence of B symptoms, and a high International Prognostic Index score were associated with a worse prognosis, and chemoradiotherapy was associated with a better survival outcome as compared with chemotherapy alone in univariable analyses. In multivariable analyses, only advanced TNM stage and tumor location on the leg were associated with a worse prognosis. In conclusion, PCENKTL is an aggressive cutaneous lymphoma and its prognosis is associated with TNM stage and tumor location.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological and prognostic study of primary cutaneous extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type: A systematic review

Jung

Yang

Won

et al. 2021

The Journal of Dermatology

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“…However, some individuals, mostly in East Asia, develop chronic infection with EBV. Chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) is characterized by chronic or recurrent infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms and by high viral loads in peripheral blood [1,2], and it is associated with EBV-associated T/natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, including monoclonal proliferation [3], which frequently lead to the development of life-threatening complications, such as virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, probably due to the cytokinenemia caused by EBV-infected lymphoid cells [4], and cardiovascular diseases and vasculitis with the infiltration of EBV-infected lymphoid cells [1,[5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) Latent Gene-Expressing T-Cell Lines with an Expression Vector Harboring EBV Nuclear Antigen 1

Kanno,

Osada,

Tateishi

2023

Microorganisms

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Chronic active Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection (CAEBV) is characterized by chronic or recurrent infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms and is associated with EBV-associated T/natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, which frequently lead to the development of life-threatening complications, such as virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome and EBV-positive apparent leukemia/lymphoma mainly in T- and NK-cell lineages. In order to clarify the EBV genes responsible for the diseases, we introduced the plasmid coding sequences of EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) and/or latent membrane protein (LMP) 1 into human T-lymphocyte virus-I-negative human T-cell lines using a gene expression vector harboring EBV nuclear antigen 1, established the G418-resistant transformants of five T-cell lines, and quantitatively examined the expression of EBERs and LMP1 using real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of EBERs in T-cell transformants with EBER DNA paralleled those in EBV-positive human T- and NK-cell lines, SNTK cells. The expression of LMP1 mRNA varied in SNTK cells and in human T-cell transformants, and the expression of LMP1 mRNA in T-cell lines expressing both EBERs and LMP1 was much lower than that in the same cell line expressing LMP1 mRNA alone. The currently employed gene expression system and currently obtained transformants may be useful for the analyses of the pathophysiology of CAEBV and EBV-positive T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.

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“…Several cases have been described in which sensitization to mosquito bites is accompanied with natural killer (NK) cell lymphoproliferative disorders, the presence of T cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus or lymphocytosis associated with HIV infection [29,30,31,32]. The study by Asada et al [33] demonstrated that mosquito saliva induces lymphoproliferation, which, in turn, increases the expression of an oncogene in NK cells, which apparently plays an important role in the etiology of mosquito allergy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Aspects of the Immune Response Induced by Mosquito Allergens

Cantillo

Fernández-Caldas

Puerta

2014

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Allergies caused by mosquito bites may produce local or systemic reactions. The inhalation of mosquito allergens may also cause asthma and/or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in sensitized individuals. The mechanisms implicated in the development of these immune responses involve IgE antibodies, different subtypes of IgG and proinflammatory cytokines as well as basophils, eosinophils and mast cells. Several allergenic components have been identified in the saliva and bodies of mosquitoes and some of these are present in different mosquito species. The most common species implicated in allergic reactions belong to the genera Aedes, Culex and Anopheles. Several Aedes aegypti allergens have been cloned and sequenced. The recombinant molecules show IgE reactivity similar to that of the native allergens, making them good candidates for the diagnosis of mosquito allergies. Allergen-specific immunotherapy with mosquito extracts induces a protective response characterized by a decreased production of IgE antibodies, increased IgG levels, a reduction in the severity of cutaneous and respiratory symptoms and the need for medication. The aims of this review are to summarize the progress made in the characterization of mosquito allergens and discuss the types of immune responses induced by mosquito bites and the inhalation of mosquito allergens in atopic individuals.

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Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Clinicopathological and prognostic study of primary cutaneous extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type: A systematic review

Clinicopathological and prognostic study of primary cutaneous extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type: A systematic review

Establishment of Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) Latent Gene-Expressing T-Cell Lines with an Expression Vector Harboring EBV Nuclear Antigen 1

Immunological Aspects of the Immune Response Induced by Mosquito Allergens

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