Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signals Endothelial Cell Production of Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin through Flk-1/KDR Activation of c-Src

He, Han; Venema, Virginia J.; Gu, Xiaocheng; Venema, Richard C.; Marrero, Mario B.; Caldwell, Ruth B.

doi:10.1074/jbc.274.35.25130

Cited by 445 publications

(293 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…36,37 The latter suggestion is supported by the observed inverse correlation between NO metabolites and sFlt-1 levels in the current study. This gives the impression that decreased availability of VEGF due to its binding with sFlt-1 might decrease VEGF-enhanced NO production 38 and vice versa. Additionally, the protective effect of MgSO 4 on the renal structure observed in histopathology may preserve renal NO production in the treated group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium sulfate therapy of preeclampsia: an old tool with new mechanism of action and prospect in management and prophylaxis

Korish

2012

Hypertens Res

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A disturbed balance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic growth factors is a highly accepted mechanism in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-induced hypertension and proteinuria, which is clinically known as preeclampsia (PE). We investigated the effect of magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) therapy on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, soluble fm-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and endoglin levels in PE rats and the effect of this treatment on the feto-maternal outcome. The PE group showed hypertension, proteinuria and decreased number and weight of live pups relative to the control group. This result was associated with increased sFlt-1, VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), VEGFR-3 and endoglin levels but decreased NO metabolites. MgSO 4 therapy ameliorated systolic hypertension and proteinuria and decreased sFlt-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 and endoglin levels but increased NO metabolites in the treated group. Physiological and biochemical changes and improved pup weight and viability were observed in the treated group. The vasodilator action of MgSO 4 and increased NO production are expected to increase placental blood flow and help fetal nutrition and development. Relief of placental ischemia decreases the production of antiangiogenic growth factors and restores the bioavailability of angiogenic factors (PlGF and VEGF). These changes resulted in better fetal outcome and an improved clinical picture of PE. These findings are promising and encourage further study of the mechanism of action of MgSO 4 to support its widespread use in the prevention and management of the etiopathological changes underlying the vast majority of the manifestations and complications of PE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium sulfate therapy of preeclampsia: an old tool with new mechanism of action and prospect in management and prophylaxis

Korish

2012

Hypertens Res

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“…Finally, c-Src has been implicated in various signaling pathways downstream of the VEGFR-2, such as NO and prostacyclin release (He et al, 1999). In addition, Src kinase activity is necessary for VEGF-mediated vascular permeability involved in angiogenesis, tumor cell extravasation, and metastasis (Eliceiri et al, 1999;Weis et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Src-mediated Phosphorylation of Hsp90 in Response to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Is Required for VEGF Receptor-2 Signaling to Endothelial NO Synthase

Duval

Bœuf

Huot

et al. 2007

MBoC

132

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Nitric oxide (NO) release from endothelial cells, via endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activation, is central to the proangiogenic actions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF signaling to eNOS is principally mediated byan Akt-dependent phosphorylation of eNOS and by increased association of eNOS to the molecular chaperone, heatshock protein 90 kDa (Hsp90). Herein, we report that VEGFR-2 activation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2)-associated Hsp90␤. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Hsp90␤ in response to VEGF is dependent on internalization of the VEGFR-2 and on Src kinase activation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that c-Src directly phosphorylates Hsp90 on tyrosine 300 residue and that this event is essential for VEGF-stimulated eNOS association to Hsp90 and thus NO release from endothelial cells. Our work identifies Y300 phosphorylation of Hsp90 as a novel regulated posttranslational modification of the chaperone and demonstrates its importance in the proangiogenic actions of VEGF, namely by regulating NO release from endothelial cells. INTRODUCTIONVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent proangiogenic cytokine that activates three specific receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK): VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1, -2, and -3. Gene knockout studies revealed that VEGF and VEGFRs are essential for the development of the vasculature in mouse embryos (Fong et al., 1995;Shalaby et al., 1995;Carmeliet et al., 1996;Dumont et al., 1998). In addition to its functional roles in vasculogenesis, VEGF plays key roles in adult physiological and pathological angiogenesis such as wound healing and tumor vascularization. VEGFR-2 mediates most of the functional and biochemical effects of VEGF in endothelial cells including proliferation, migration, survival, and nitric oxide (NO) release. These effects are produced through the activation of multiple signaling pathways, such as the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3 kinase)/ Akt, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospholipase C (PLC)-␥, and Erk/MAPK, after the activation of VEGFR-2 (Rousseau et al., 1997;Takahashi and Shibuya, 1997;Gerber et al., 1998;Takahashi et al., 2001). VEGF-mediated activation of the Ser/Thr kinase Akt leads to phosphorylation of serine 1179 on bovine endothelial NO synthase (eNOS; Ser 1177 in the human form), which increases eNOS catalytic activity and results in release of NO from endothelial cells (Fulton et al., 1999;Dimmeler et al., 1999). In turn, NO released from endothelium contributes to the proangiogenic effects of VEGF. Indeed, VEGF-mediated vascular permeability, angiogenesis, and endothelial cell precursor mobilization are markedly impaired in eNOS-deficient mice (Fukumura et al., 2001;Aicher et al., 2003).Heat-shock protein 90 kDa (Hsp90) is a multifunctional molecular chaperone, and its role in the prevention of protein aggregation and in the refolding of denatured proteins has been studied in much detail (Whitesell and Lindquist, 2005). Hsp90 is also a regulator of the activity of signaling molecules su...

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“…Studies of the VEGF signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells indicate that activation of VEGFR-2 involves the formation of protein complex between VEGFR-2 and c-Src, and c-Src activation is required for VEGF induction of NO and prostacyclin formation (He et al, 1999). Further studies demonstrated that VEGF stimulation of cultured RECs promotes expression of the uPAR gene by inducing and transcriptional activation of β-catenin and showed that the VEGF-induced increase in paracellular permeability involves activation of the uPA/uPAR system (Behzadian et al, 2003).…”

Section: Vegf and Vascularmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular endothelial growth factor in eye disease

Penn

Madan

Caldwell

et al. 2008

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

615

527

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Collectively, angiogenic ocular conditions represent the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in developed countries. In the U.S., for example, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are the principal causes of blindness in the infant, working age and elderly populations, respectively. Evidence suggests that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a 40 kDa dimeric glycoprotein, promotes angiogenesis in each of these conditions, making it a highly significant therapeutic target. However, VEGF is pleiotropic, affecting a broad spectrum of endothelial, neuronal and glial behaviors, and confounding the validity of anti-VEGF strategies, particularly under chronic disease conditions. In fact, among other functions VEGF can influence cell proliferation, cell migration, proteolysis, cell survival and vessel permeability in a wide variety of biological contexts. This article will describe the roles played by VEGF in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The potential disadvantages of inhibiting VEGF will be discussed, as will the rationales for targeting other VEGF-related modulators of angiogenesis.

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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signals Endothelial Cell Production of Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin through Flk-1/KDR Activation of c-Src

Cited by 445 publications

References 52 publications

Magnesium sulfate therapy of preeclampsia: an old tool with new mechanism of action and prospect in management and prophylaxis

Magnesium sulfate therapy of preeclampsia: an old tool with new mechanism of action and prospect in management and prophylaxis

Src-mediated Phosphorylation of Hsp90 in Response to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Is Required for VEGF Receptor-2 Signaling to Endothelial NO Synthase

Vascular endothelial growth factor in eye disease

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