Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Invasive Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Abstract

VEGF expression appears to be an early event in the development of PTC. Whether VEGF expression promotes the progression of PTC is not known, but the answer to this question may be important in view of its greater expression in older patients, a group whose prognosis in PTC is worse.

Proliferation, angiogenesis and differentiation related markers in compact and follicular-compact thyroid carcinomas in dogs

“…Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and intracellular networks associated with oncogenesis may help discover new therapeutic options for these malignancies (Malaguarnera et al, 2012). Alterations in the expression of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and their receptors, play a role in the progression of thyroid cancer in humans and dogs (de Araujo-Filho et al, 2009;Redler et al, 2013;Campos et al, 2014). The activation of the IGF system is associated with the pathogenesis of a variety of human neoplasias because of the mitogenic and anti-apoptotic properties of its cognate receptor (Vella et al, 2001;Ciampolillo et al, 2007).…”

Pathological processes and therapeutic advances in radioiodide refractory thyroid cancer

“…Aerobic glycolysis is a specific feature of malignant cells and facilitates the activation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) signaling, tumor growth, invasiveness and immune evasion in aggressive TC subtypes with lactate and HMGB1 as major intermediate factors (Koperek et al 2013, Mardente et al 2015, Gill et al 2016. In turn, the HIF-1α activity in tumor cells induces production and signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), facilitating angiogenesis and activation of effector mechanisms further promoting invasion, metastatic potential and dedifferentiation of TC (de Araujo-Filho et al 2009, Karaca et al 2011, Galdiero et al 2016). …”

99mTc-Labeled-rhTSH Analogue (TR1401) for Imaging Poorly Differentiated Metastatic Thyroid Cancer

“…The assay was performed using the LigandTracer TM instrument and provided a Along this line, Sager et al (40) investigated the role of scintigraphy with radiolabeled somatostatin analogues that showed a sensitivity ranging between 25% and 75% depending on patient selection criteria. They compared 18 [F]-FDG and 99m Tc-MIBI with 99m Tc-HYNIC-TOC, preferring it to 111 In-octreotide due to its lower cost, higher resolution, and lower radiation dose to the patient. They found that the sensitivity of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy was higher than MIBI, but lower than 18 [F]-FDG-PET.…”

“…They compared 18 [F]-FDG and 99m Tc-MIBI with 99m Tc-HYNIC-TOC, preferring it to 111 In-octreotide due to its lower cost, higher resolution, and lower radiation dose to the patient. They found that the sensitivity of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy was higher than MIBI, but lower than 18 [F]-FDG-PET. Similarly, Rodrigues et al (41) proposed the use of 99m Tc-depreotide that showed, in many cases, a higher sensitivity than 18 [F]-FDG-PET, but also nonspecific uptake in cells that play a role in granulomatous diseases, such as activated lymphocytes, leading to false-positive results.…”