Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Treatments with Traditional Chinese Medicine

Zhou, Xinhua; Cui, Guozhen; Tseng, Hisa Hui Ling; Lee, Simon Ming‐Yuen; Leung, George Pak-Heng; Chan, Shun‐Wan; Kwan, Yiu Wa; Hoi, Maggie Pui Man

doi:10.1155/2016/9627258

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Previous evidence showed that the VD is treated by Wenpi Tongluo decoction and Nimodipine, the study found the level of IL-6 and TNF-α would be decreased by the combined treatments of TCM and western medicine, and there is a significantly increase of the scores of MMSE after treatments. This result was in accord with higher serum ILs were associated with poor cognitive status, including poor performance in memory and processing speed, as well as cognitive decline ( 10 , 11 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Mitochondrial factor and cell cytokines associate with TCM syndrome scale in vascular dementia patients

Sun

2017

Exp Ther Med

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Mitochondrial factor and cell cytokines play important roles in the incidence of vascular dementia (VD), but their correlations with inflammatory and mitochondrial factors and the role of both in the kidney essence deficiency pattern and phlegm turbidity blocking orifice pattern are not clear. This study was aimed at studying the correlations between the serum mitochondrial factor and cell cytokines with TCM Syndrome Scale in vascular dementia. According to the inclusion criteria we collected 108 vascular dementia patients which were divided into the kidney essence deficiency pattern and phlegm turbidity blocking orifice pattern based on the TCM Syndrome Scale. We measured serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18) concentration using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum malondialdelyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was quantified according to instructions of kits from the 108 patients (45 in kidney essence deficiency pattern, 63 in phlegm turbidity blocking orifice pattern). The scale scores were assessed using TCM Syndrome Scale, MMSE, Hachinski, Barthel, BBS, CDR. There was a significant difference on the scores of CDR and the factors of the memory, judgment, social affairs, personal care, family and hobbies among the two groups, The means of kidney essence deficiency group was higher than that of phlegm turbidity blocking orifice pattern group. IL-18 and SOD in the phlegm turbidity blocking orifice group was higher than those in the kidney essence deficiency pattern; IL-6 in phlegm turbidity blocking orifice pattern group was lower than that in the kidney essence deficiency pattern. By logistic regression analysis, we demonstrated that high concentration of IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA were associated with increased TCM syndrome scores in two groups, while IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, SOD were associated with decreased MMSE, Barthel. Our study support the notion that IL-6 plays a more important role in the integral of kidney essence deficiency pattern, IL-18 is a more important factor in phlegm turbidity blocking orifice pattern. The results can be used as the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese Medicine prescription and pharmacological research in future, through decrease in IL-6 lever and increase in SOD in integral kidney essence deficiency pattern, and IL-18 as the main anti inflammation index in phlegm turbidity blocking orifice pattern.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Mitochondrial factor and cell cytokines associate with TCM syndrome scale in vascular dementia patients

Sun

2017

Exp Ther Med

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“…Gingko extract is available on market in some countries (e.g., China) as a herbal supplement named Gingium. It is intended for use in certain age-related cognitive disorders including memory impairment and it alleviates the symptoms of dementias and AD (Zhou et al, 2016a ). There are two main categories of chemical phytoconstituents likely responsible for the neuro-therapeutic potential of Gingko: terpene lactones (ginkgolides and bilobalide) and flavonoids (flavonols and flavone glycosides) (Figure 3 ; Solfrizzi and Panza, 2015 ; IARC Working Group, 2016 ).…”

Section: Selected Prominent Medicinal Plants and Plant Genera Used Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standardized Gb extract (EGb761) belongs to the most widely tested in clinical trials herbal medications worldwide for cognitive impairment, AD, and AD-related dementia (Solfrizzi and Panza, 2015 ). EGb761 affects a multitude of mechanisms associated with proper brain functions (Zhou et al, 2016a ; Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Selected Prominent Medicinal Plants and Plant Genera Used Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Dementia Therapy and Significance of Natural Products and Herbal Drugs

Tewari

Stankiewicz

Mocan

et al. 2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

109

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Dementia is a clinical syndrome wherein gradual decline of mental and cognitive capabilities of an afflicted person takes place. Dementia is associated with various risk factors and conditions such as insufficient cerebral blood supply, toxin exposure, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and often coexisting with some neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Although there are well-established (semi-)synthetic drugs currently used for the management of AD and AD-associated dementia, most of them have several adverse effects. Thus, traditional medicine provides various plant-derived lead molecules that may be useful for further medical research. Herein we review the worldwide use of ethnomedicinal plants in dementia treatment. We have explored a number of recognized databases by using keywords and phrases such as “dementia”, “Alzheimer's,” “traditional medicine,” “ethnopharmacology,” “ethnobotany,” “herbs,” “medicinal plants” or other relevant terms, and summarized 90 medicinal plants that are traditionally used to treat dementia. Moreover, we highlight five medicinal plants or plant genera of prime importance and discuss the physiological effects, as well as the mechanism of action of their major bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and dementia is also discussed. We conclude that several drugs of plant origin may serve as promising therapeutics for the treatment of dementia, however, pivotal evidence for their therapeutic efficacy in advanced clinical studies is still lacking.

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“…Sailuotong (SLT) is a standardized three-herb formula Chinese herbal medicine designed for the management of VaD associated with ischemic stroke [ 8 , 9 ]. The SLT formula consists of standard extracts of specific dosages of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng), Gingko biloba L. (ginkgo), and Crocus sativus L. (saffron).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelium‐Independent Vasodilatory Effect of Sailuotong (SLT) on Rat Isolated Tail Artery

Yeon

Seto

Chan

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. Sailuotong (SLT) is a standardized three-herb formulation consisting of extracts of Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, and Crocus sativus for the treatment of vascular dementia (VaD). Although SLT has been shown to increase cerebral blood flow, the direct effects of SLT on vascular reactivity have not been explored. This study aims to examine the vasodilatory effects of SLT and the underlying mechanisms in rat isolated tail artery. Methods. Male (250–300 g) Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat tail artery was isolated for isometric tension measurement. The effects of SLT on the influx of calcium through the cell membrane calcium channels were determined in Ca2+-free solution experiments. Results. SLT (0.1–5,000 μg/ml) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation in rat isolated tail artery precontracted by phenylephrine. In the contraction experiments, SLT (500, 1,000, and 5,000 μg/mL) significantly inhibited phenylephrine (0.001 to 10 μM)- and KCl (10–80 mM)-induced contraction, in a concentration-dependent manner. In Ca2+-free solution, SLT (500, 1,000, and 5,000 μg/mL) markedly suppressed Ca2+-induced (0.001–3 mM) vasoconstriction in a concentration-dependent manner in both phenylephrine (10 μM) or KCl (80 mM) stimulated tail arteries. L-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine (10 μM) inhibited PE-induced contraction. Furthermore, SLT significantly reduced phenylephrine-induced transient vasoconstriction in the rat isolated tail artery. Conclusion. SLT induces relaxation of rat isolated tail artery through endothelium-independent mechanisms. The SLT-induced vasodilatation appeared to be jointly meditated by blockages of extracellular Ca2+ influx via receptor-gated and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and inhibition of the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

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Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Treatments with Traditional Chinese Medicine

Cited by 18 publications

References 100 publications

Mitochondrial factor and cell cytokines associate with TCM syndrome scale in vascular dementia patients

Mitochondrial factor and cell cytokines associate with TCM syndrome scale in vascular dementia patients

Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Dementia Therapy and Significance of Natural Products and Herbal Drugs

Endothelium‐Independent Vasodilatory Effect of Sailuotong (SLT) on Rat Isolated Tail Artery

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