Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia

Gorelick, Philip B.; Counts, Scott; Nyenhuis, David L.

doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.015

Cited by 146 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are fatty acids with two or more double bonds in their carbon chain. PUFAs can be further categorized according to the location of the first double bond relative to the terminal methyl group: Omega-3 and omega-6 and are characterized by the presence of a double bond three and six atoms away from the methyl terminus, respectively [77]. Long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs), particularly omega-3 LC-PUFAs EPA and DHA, are associated with beneficial health effects [78].…”

Section: Fatty Acids Arginine and Nucleotidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge about the Effect of Nutritional Status, Supplemented Nutrition Diet, and Gut Microbiota on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion and Regeneration in Liver Surgery

et al. 2020

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Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an unresolved problem in liver resection and transplantation. The preexisting nutritional status related to the gut microbial profile might contribute to primary non-function after surgery. Clinical studies evaluating artificial nutrition in liver resection are limited. The optimal nutritional regimen to support regeneration has not yet been exactly defined. However, overnutrition and specific diet factors are crucial for the nonalcoholic or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis liver diseases. Gut-derived microbial products and the activation of innate immunity system and inflammatory response, leading to exacerbation of I/R injury or impaired regeneration after resection. This review summarizes the role of starvation, supplemented nutrition diet, nutritional status, and alterations in microbiota on hepatic I/R and regeneration. We discuss the most updated effects of nutritional interventions, their ability to alter microbiota, some of the controversies, and the suitability of these interventions as potential therapeutic strategies in hepatic resection and transplantation, overall highlighting the relevance of considering the extended criteria liver grafts in the translational liver surgery.

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Section: Fatty Acids Arginine and Nucleotidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge about the Effect of Nutritional Status, Supplemented Nutrition Diet, and Gut Microbiota on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion and Regeneration in Liver Surgery

et al. 2020

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“…The human brain consumes about 20% of the daily intake of oxygen and glucose, which are supplied to the cortex via arteries, arterioles, and capillaries and drained via the venous system and large sinuses (Schmid, Barrett, Jenny, & Weber, 2017). It is well documented that acute impairment of the cerebral arteries can cause collateral damage (Ossenkoppele et al, 2015) and that venous atrophy may play an important role in the early stages of a number of neurological disorders (Gorelick, Counts, & Nyenhuis, 2016;Kaufman, Milstein, Kaufman, & Milstein, 2013). Nevertheless, despite the existence of many neuroimaging tools for segmenting and quantifying the brains gray and white matter, relatively few publicly available methods exist for the noninvasive investigation of cerebral vasculature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphology of the human cerebrovascular system

Bernier

Cunnane

Whittingstall

2018

Human Brain Mapping

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While several methodologies exist for quantifying gray and white matter properties in humans, relatively little is known regarding the spatial organization and the intersubject variability of cerebral vessels. To resolve this, we developed a fast, open‐source processing algorithm using advanced vessel segmentation schemes and iterative nonlinear registration to isolate, extract, and quantify cerebral vessels in susceptibility weighting imaging (SWI) and time‐of‐flight angiography (TOF‐MRA) datasets acquired in a large cohort (n = 42) of healthy individuals. From this, whole‐brain venous and arterial probabilistic maps were generated along with the computation of regional densities and diameters within regions based on popular anatomical and functional atlases. The results show that cerebral vasculature is highly heterogeneous, displaying disproportionally large vessel densities in brain areas such as the anterior and posterior cingulate, cuneus, precuneus, parahippocampus, insula, and temporal gyri. On average, venous densities were slightly higher and less variable across subjects than arterial. Moreover, regional variations in both venous and arterial density were significantly correlated to cortical thickness (R = 0.42). This publicly available new atlas of the human cerebrovascular system provides a first step toward quantifying morphological changes in the diseased brain and serving as a potential regression tool in fMRI analysis.

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“…The guidelines did not take into account cognitive and functional outcomes associated with hypertension. These outcomes are also important to consider because hypertension is a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Nearly 70% of persons in the United States who are 60 years or older have hypertension (8), and it is estimated that 13.8 million persons older than 65 years will develop Alzheimer's disease by 2050 (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Cognitive Functioning and the JNC-8 Guidelines for Hypertension in Older Adults

Goldstein¹,

Hajjar

Dunn³

et al. 2016

GERONA

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Background: Guidelines for hypertension treatment by the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC-8) in 2014 recommended a target systolic blood pressure (BP) of <150/<90 mmHg in persons older than 60 years, in contrast to the 2003 JNC-7 recommendations of systolic BP <140 mmHg. This study evaluated the implications of raising the BP target on cognitive functioning and conversion from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: This was a longitudinal study of individuals older than 60 years enrolled in the NIH-NIA Alzheimer's Disease Centers. All had normal cognition at baseline. 453 participants were taking BP medications and had readings of <140/<90 mmHg at four annual visits (reference group). Two other groups consisted of participants with either systolic BP of 140-149 mmHg (n = 112) or ≥150 mmHg (n = 280) on three or four annual visits. Results: Compared with the reference and the 140-149 mmHg groups, those with BP ≥150 mmHg exhibited poorer cognitive status by Year 4 on the Mini-Mental State Exam, and they had a higher risk of conversion to MCI. The 140-149 mmHg exhibited poorer performance than the reference group on domains assessing attention and executive functioning. In contrast, their performance was not significantly different from those with BP ≥150 mmHg. Conclusions: Persons with BP ≥150 mmHg show a faster global cognitive decline and transition to MCI than those with lower BP readings. However, the poor cognitive performance in the attention and executive functioning domains for the 140-149 mmHg group indicates the need for further research evaluating the newer recommended cutoff.

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Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia

Cited by 146 publications

References 124 publications

Current Knowledge about the Effect of Nutritional Status, Supplemented Nutrition Diet, and Gut Microbiota on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion and Regeneration in Liver Surgery

Current Knowledge about the Effect of Nutritional Status, Supplemented Nutrition Diet, and Gut Microbiota on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion and Regeneration in Liver Surgery

The morphology of the human cerebrovascular system

The Relationship Between Cognitive Functioning and the JNC-8 Guidelines for Hypertension in Older Adults

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