Vascular and Cardiac CT in Small Animals

Bertolini, Giovanna; Angeloni, Luca

doi:10.5772/intechopen.69848

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These techniques also contribute to clinical and surgical applications, allowing for more accurate assessments and diagnoses (Sartori et al, 2013). Computed tomography comprises another option for more advanced morphological descriptions and may aid in the identification of vascular anomalies (Bertolini & Angeloni, 2017). In the present study, the radiographic imaging was an excellent differential of this work because it allowed the reader to comprehend the irrigation territory better, in addition to preserving the entire vascular path, also allowing for the visualization of very thin vessels and ramifications that may break during the dissection process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collateral aortic branches in the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758)

Gurgel

Sousa

Oliveira

et al. 2022

Anat Histol Embryol

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The determination of arterial vascular distribution patterns can contribute to more detailed knowledge on arterial systems. In this context, the aim of the present study was to describe the collateral aortic branches in the collared peccary, aiming to define a standard model for this species, providing information through comparative anatomy for analysis of some evolutionary aspects of the order Artiodactyla. Ten young male animals were employed. The vascular system was washed with a saline solution and then perfused with Neoprene 450 latex coloured with red or yellow pigment, followed by collateral aorta branch dissections and analyses. The contrasted digital radiography technique was applied to two animals, which were initially perfused with a barium sulphate solution (1 g/ml) and Neoprene 450 latex at a 1:3 ratio, and subsequently, the digital radiographic examination was performed. The aortic arch of the collared peccary emitted the brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery, while eight symmetric pairs of dorsal intercostal arteries originated from the thoracic aorta. The abdominal aorta, in turn, exhibited the celiac, cranial mesenteric, renal, caudal mesenteric, testicular, external iliac, internal iliac and sacral arteries as the collateral branches in all studied animals. Therefore, no relevant variations were observed regarding the arrangement of the arterial distribution of the aorta, thus suggesting a static standard model in the collared peccary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collateral aortic branches in the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758)

Gurgel

Sousa

Oliveira

et al. 2022

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…Over the last several decades, non-invasive imaging of small animal models provides in vivo insights into the structural and functional phenotypes with physiological and clinical relevance. The current non-invasive imaging modalities allow from a wide range of vertebrate animal models, including light-sheet fluorescent microscopy 4 , echocardiography 5 , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 6 , x-ray computed tomography (CT) 7 , positron emission tomography (PET) 8 , and/or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 9 , and a combination of these imaging techniques [10][11][12] . Each imaging technique provides the unique degree of tissue penetration, resolution, and contrast to image the specific animal models from zebrafish to mouse to swine models, and the combination of these complementary techniques allows for addressing the spatial and temporal resolution, field of view (FOV), and relative phenotypes in response to the particular imaging needs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, echocardiography is a portable tool to assess cardiac function by interrogating the contracting/relaxing heart chambers and open/closure of the valves in real-time. In contrast, CT and MRI are bulky but offer larger FOV and/or finer spatial resolution needed for cardiac anatomy and vascular system 7,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive photoacoustic computed tomography of rat heart anatomy and function

et al. 2023

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Complementary to mainstream cardiac imaging modalities for preclinical research, photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) can provide functional optical contrast with high imaging speed and resolution. However, PACT has not been demonstrated to reveal the dynamics of whole cardiac anatomy or vascular system without surgical procedure (thoracotomy) for tissue penetration. Here, we achieved non-invasive imaging of rat hearts using the recently developed three-dimensional PACT (3D-PACT) platform, demonstrating the regulated illumination and detection schemes to reduce the effects of optical attenuation and acoustic distortion through the chest wall; thereby, enabling unimpeded visualization of the cardiac anatomy and intracardiac hemodynamics following rapidly scanning the heart within 10 s. We further applied 3D-PACT to reveal distinct cardiac structural and functional changes among the healthy, hypertensive, and obese rats, with optical contrast to uncover differences in cardiac chamber size, wall thickness, and hemodynamics. Accordingly, 3D-PACT provides high imaging speed and nonionizing penetration to capture the whole heart for diagnosing the animal models, holding promises for clinical translation to cardiac imaging of human neonates.

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“…Therefore, CT has been increasingly applied in veterinary clinical practice ( Keane et al , 2017 ). CT can provide more accurate information and has several benefits over radiography ( Bertolini and Angeloni, 2017 ). For example, CT images are not affected by the superimposition effect ( Mikla and Mikla, 2014 ) and can be expressed as three-dimensional images with higher resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, CT images are not affected by the superimposition effect ( Mikla and Mikla, 2014 ) and can be expressed as three-dimensional images with higher resolution. This allows radiologists to identify details including the size, shape, and texture of internal organs ( Bertolini and Angeloni, 2017 ), and assist in locating lesions more precisely ( d’Anjou, 2018 ). The combination of radiography and CT could increase the chances of finding intrathoracic lesions when compared to without ( Prather et al , 2005 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic evaluation of heart size in clinically healthy cats

Wanglerm¹,

Samachikthummakun²,

Kitnitchee³

et al. 2023

Open Vet J

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Background: Computed tomography (CT) is currently one of the most useful diagnostic imaging tools for evaluating cardiac disorders in humans and animals. However, studies concerning CT and the feline heart remain scarce. Aim: To create measuring techniques for the feline heart size on CT and to determine the relationships of feline heart size observed on CT with internal parameters including age, bodyweight (BW), and sex. Methods: Four parameters observed on CT including thoracic height/width ratio (THW), relative heart area (RHA), CT vertebral heart score (ctVHS), transverse vertebral heart score (tVHS) in 1.25 mm slice thickness, and both pre- and post-contrast enhanced images were examined. Additionally, radiographic vertebral heart score (rVHS) was also evaluated. Results: THW was significantly influenced by age (p < 0.05). RHA was affected by age and gonadal status of cats (p = 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). Age also significantly affected tVHS (p = 0.038). Interestingly, ctVHS was not influenced by age, sex, gonadal status, or BW. tVHS and ctVHS had significant moderately positive correlations with rVHS (r = 0.476; p = 0.048 and r = 0.6112; p = 0.011, respectively). THW and RHA had non-significant correlations with rVHS (r = 0.2642; p = 0.302 and r = 0.1920; p = 0.455, respectively). Conclusion: CT heart size evaluation can be performed in both pre- and post-contrast enhanced images of 1.25 mm slice thickness. tVHS and ctVHS are recommended parameters for evaluating feline heart size in clinical practice.

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Vascular and Cardiac CT in Small Animals

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Collateral aortic branches in the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758)

Collateral aortic branches in the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758)

Non-invasive photoacoustic computed tomography of rat heart anatomy and function

Computed tomographic evaluation of heart size in clinically healthy cats

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