Vascular Aging and Disease of the Small Vessels

Rizzoni, Damiano; Rizzoni, Marco; Nardin, Matteo; Chiarini, Giulia; Agabiti-Rosei, Claudia; Aggiusti, Carlo; Paini, Anna; Salvetti, Massimo; Muiesan, María Lorenza

doi:10.1007/s40292-019-00320-w

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Studies of changes in the BM during human aging are confounded by the 'stiffening' of the vasculature that occurs with normal aging. The resulting increases in systolic blood pressure and widened pulse pressures produce pulsatile downstream effects that stress the microvasculature 99,100 . In this context, early observations noted general widening of the BM of tissue beds with normal human aging [101][102][103] .…”

Section: Altered Extracellular Matrix and The Abluminal Basement Membmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy aging and the blood–brain barrier

et al. 2021

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The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) from unregulated exposure to the blood and its contents. The BBB also controls the blood-to-brain and brain-to-blood permeation of many substances, resulting in nourishment of the CNS, its homeostatic regulation and communication between the CNS and peripheral tissues. The cells forming the BBB communicate with cells of the brain and in the periphery. This highly regulated interface changes with healthy aging. Here, we review those changes, starting with morphology and disruption. Transporter changes include those for amyloid beta peptide, glucose and drugs. Brain fluid dynamics, pericyte health and basement membrane and glycocalyx compositions are all altered with healthy aging. Carrying the ApoE4 allele leads to an acceleration of most of the BBB's age-related changes. We discuss how alterations in the BBB that occur with healthy aging reflect adaptation to the postreproductive phase of life and may affect vulnerability to age-associated diseases.

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Section: Altered Extracellular Matrix and The Abluminal Basement Membmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy aging and the blood–brain barrier

et al. 2021

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“…Most importantly, a 3-year increase of NT-proBNP level over time was associated with an increased risk of future dementia whereas a decrease of NT-proBNP level was associated with reduced risk of dementia. The NT-proBNP level increase was correlated to the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and concomitant comorbidities, such as impaired renal function, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking habit and coronary artery calcification, which represent potential targets in order to prevent dementia [ 11 , 12 ]. In fact, this study suggested that early treatment of these risk conditions and adequate cardiovascular prevention could avoid dementia development in the elderly.…”

Section: Populations-based Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Natriuretic Peptides, Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: An Intriguing Pathogenic Link with Implications in Hypertension

Gallo

Bianchi

Cotugno

et al. 2020

JCM

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The natriuretic peptides (NPs) belong to a family of cardiac hormones that exert relevant protective functions within the cardiovascular system. An increase of both brain and atrial natriuretic peptide levels, particularly of the amino-terminal peptides (NT-proBNP and NT-proANP), represents a marker of cardiovascular damage. A link between increased NP levels and cognitive decline and dementia has been reported in several human studies performed both in general populations and in cohorts of patients affected by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In particular, it was reported that the elevation of NP levels in dementia can be both dependent and independent from CVD risk factors. In the first case, it may be expected that, by counteracting early on the cardiovascular risk factor load and the pathological processes leading to increased aminoterminal natriuretic peptide (NT-proNP) level, the risk of dementia could be significantly reduced. In case of a link independent from CVD risk factors, an increased NP level should be considered as a direct marker of neuronal damage. In the context of hypertension, elevated NT-proBNP and mid-regional (MR)-proANP levels behave as markers of brain microcirculatory damage and dysfunction. The available evidence suggests that they could help in identifying those subjects who would benefit most from a timely antihypertensive therapy.

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“…High SVR are mainly due to structural and functional changes in small arteries with a constant decrease in lumen diameter and possible increases in wall thickness and wall fibrosis. All of these structural changes are commonly documented during the normal aging process, together with an increase in the stiffness of large arteries, and may be accelerated by hypertension and various metabolic and inflammatory disorders [15]. However, SVR may also increase in response to various neurohormonal factors such as those triggered for increasing perfusion pressures in hypovolemic shock or heart failure [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Galectin-3 predicts deleterious vascular dysfunction affecting post-myocardial infarction patients: An explanatory study

et al. 2020

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In a previous analysis of a post-myocardial infarction (MI) cohort, abnormally high systemic vascular resistances (SVR) were shown to be frequently revealed by MRI during the healing period, independently of MI severity, giving evidence of vascular dysfunction and limiting further recovery of cardiac function. The present ancillary and exploratory analysis of the same cohort was aimed at characterizing those patients suffering from high SVR remotely from MI with a large a panel of cardiovascular MRI parameters and blood biomarkers. Methods MRI and blood sampling were performed 2-4 days after a reperfused MI and 6 months thereafter in 121 patients. SVR were monitored with a phase-contrast MRI sequence and patients with abnormally high SVR at 6-months were characterized through MRI parameters and blood biomarkers, including Galectin-3, an indicator of cardiovascular inflammation and fibrosis after MI. SVR were normal at 6-months in 90 patients (SVR-) and abnormally high in 31 among whom 21 already had high SVR at the acute phase (SVR++) while 10 did not (SVR+). Results When compared with SVR-, both SVR+ and SVR++ exhibited lower recovery in cardiac function from baseline to 6-months, while baseline levels of Galectin-3 were significantly different in both SVR+ (median: 14.4 (interquartile range: 12.3-16.7) ng.mL-1) and SVR++ (13.0 (11.7-19.4) ng.mL-1) compared to SVR-(11.7 (9.8-13.5) ng.mL-1, both p < 0.05). Plasma Galectin-3 was an independent baseline predictor of high SVR at 6-months (p =

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Vascular Aging and Disease of the Small Vessels

Cited by 53 publications

References 43 publications

Healthy aging and the blood–brain barrier

Healthy aging and the blood–brain barrier

Natriuretic Peptides, Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: An Intriguing Pathogenic Link with Implications in Hypertension

Plasma Galectin-3 predicts deleterious vascular dysfunction affecting post-myocardial infarction patients: An explanatory study

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