Varying-$α$ in scalar-tensor theory: Implications in light of the supernova absolute magnitude tension and forecast from GW standard sirens

Abstract

In this work, we constraint a possible time variation of the fine structure constant (α) within the context of the so-called runaway dilaton model. The limits are performed by using the pantheon supernova Ia sample and strong gravitational lensing data, and we find that in light of the current tension on the supernova absolute magnitude MB, a varying-α can be non-null at ∼2σ confidence level. Motivated by this aspect, and within the methodology presented here, we perform a forecast analysis based on the generation of some gravitational-wave standard sirens mock data within the perspective of Einstein Telescope and LISA mission. We find that future standard sirens observations can come to play an important role in discrimination such theories.

Cosmology Intertwined: A Review of the Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Associated with the Cosmological Tensions and Anomalies

“…Different initiatives are being carried out to promote the creation of a network of researchers to develop the science of GW's in the frequency range above 10 kHz. 40 Finally, several authors have pointed to the implementation of GW standard sirens and GW stochastic backgrounds to explore the late and early Universe, in a broad spectrum of possibilities ranging from the Hubble tension [2106] through the search for modified gravity [2028,2107], variation of the speed of propagation of GWs [2004], inflation models [2106] and even explore the exotic fundamental physical possibility as the variation of fundamental constants [2108,2109].…”

Analytic solutions of scalar field cosmology, mathematical structures for early inflation and late time accelerated expansion

“…In last years it has been pointed out that the absolute peak magnitude M B of Type Ia supernovae is converted into a value of H 0 [47][48][49][50]. It's value has been stated as M B = −19.401 ± 0.027 mag [51] in 2020 and M B = −19.244 ± 0.037 mag [48] in 2021 by application of different methods.…”

Analytic Solutions of Scalar Field Cosmology, Mathematical Structures for Early Inflation and Late Time Accelerated Expansion

“…where λ(a) and β(a) are given by ( 44) and (45). Hence for a specific scalar field exact solution of the field equations are given by the last two equations Both these two cases have a common physical result.…”

“…In last years it has been pointed out that the absolute peak magnitude M B of Type Ia supernovae is converted into a value of H 0 [42][43][44][45]. It's value has been stated as M B = −19.401 ± 0.027 mag [46] in 2020 and M B = −19.244 ± 0.037 mag [43] in 2021 by application of different methods.…”