Varying Weed Densities Alter the Corn Transcriptome, Highlighting a Core Set of Weed‐Induced Genes and Processes with Potential for Manipulating Weed Tolerance

Horvath, David P.; Clay, Sharon A.; Bruggeman, Stephanie A.; Anderson, James V.; Chao, Wun S.; Yeater, Kathleen M.

doi:10.3835/plantgenome2019.05.0035

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Alternative splicing occurs in response to FR light at the seed stage and changes development into the seedling stage, but the effects on further growth are not well understood after this point (Penfield, Josse, & Halliday, 2010;Shikata et al, 2014). There is evidence that PIF proteins are upregulated specifically in response to weed competition, although these do not occur in all species (Horvath et al, 2015(Horvath et al, , 2019Page, Tollenaar, Lee, Lukens, & Swanton, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic response to early shade avoidance cues has season‐long effect on Beta vulgaris growth and development

Adjesiwor

Ballenger

Weinig

et al. 2021

Plant Cell & Environment

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Early-emerging weeds are known to negatively affect crop growth but the mechanisms by which weeds reduce crop yield are not fully understood. In a 4-year study, we evaluated the effect of duration of weed-reflected light on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) growth and development. The study included an early-season weed removal series and a late-season weed addition series of treatments arranged in a randomized complete block, and the study design minimized direct resource competition. If weeds were present from emergence until the two true-leaf sugar beet stage, sugar beet leaf area was reduced 22%, leaf biomass reduced 25%, and root biomass reduced 32% compared to sugar beet grown season-long without surrounding weeds. Leaf area, leaf biomass, and root biomass was similar whether weeds were removed at the two true-leaf stage (approximately 330 GDD after planting) or allowed to remain until sugar beet harvest (approximately 1,240 GDD after planting).Adding weeds at the two true-leaf stage and leaving them until harvest (~1,240 GDD) reduced sugar beet leaf and root biomass by 18% and 23%, respectively. This work suggests sugar beet responds early and near-irreversibly to weed presence and has implications for crop management genetic improvement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic response to early shade avoidance cues has season‐long effect on Beta vulgaris growth and development

Adjesiwor

Ballenger

Weinig

et al. 2021

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Only one DEG was shared between the two lines, GRMZM2G114751, a nodulin MtN21 family protein, involved in transmembrane transport, which was up-regulated in both Ames 21789 and Ames 21812 weed-stressed plants in comparison to their weed-free counterparts (2.4 and 4.6-fold change, respectively) (S2 File). This gene was also differentially regulated in a similar maize study comparing weed-free to weed stressed maize, but demonstrated an opposite (up-regulated) expression pattern [28], and was not differentially expressed in the weed stressed treatments in maize in a similar greenhouse study [30].…”

Section: Differential Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Teosinte (Zea mays ssp parviglumis) growth and transcriptomic response to weed stress identifies similarities and differences between varieties and with modern maize varieties

et al. 2020

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Transcriptomic responses of plants to weed presence gives insight on the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the stress response. This study evaluated transcriptomic and morphological responses of two teosinte (Zea mays ssp parviglumis) (an ancestor of domesticated maize) lines (Ames 21812 and Ames 21789) to weed presence and absence during two growing seasons. Responses were compared after 6 weeks of growth in Aurora, South Dakota, USA. Plant heights between treatments were similar in Ames 21812, whereas branch number decreased when weeds were present. Ames 21789 was 45% shorter in weedy vs weed-free plots, but branch numbers were similar between treatments. Season-long biomass was reduced in response to weed stress in both lines. Common down-regulated subnetworks in weed-stressed plants were related to light, photosynthesis, and carbon cycles. Several unique response networks (e.g. aging, response to chitin) and gene sets were present in each line. Comparing transcriptomic responses of maize (determined in an adjacent study) and teosinte lines indicated three common gene ontologies up-regulated when weed-stressed: jasmonic acid response/signaling, UDP-glucosyl and glucuronyltransferases, and quercetin glucosyltransferase (3-O and 7-O). Overall, morphologic and transcriptomic differences suggest a greater varietal (rather than a conserved) response to weed stress, and implies multiple responses are possible. These findings offer insights into opportunities to define and manipulate gene expression of several different pathways of modern maize varieties to improve performance under weedy conditions.

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“…In the field, the effect of HDP is similar to that of shading (i.e., light quantity and quality change and photosynthesis decreases when plants are shaded during vegetative and reproductive stages) (Horvath et al, 2018(Horvath et al, , 2019Ma et al, 2018;Mckenzie-Gopsill et al, 2020;Rajcan et al, 2004;Shi et al, 2019). Our data showed that genes encoding photosynthesis and carbohydrate-related processes were significantly downregulated in the lower leaves under HDP (Supplemental Table S8), indicating that high planting density stress might induce plants to regulate environmental fitness at the cost of repressing the genes encoding photosynthesis-related processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional analyses of maize leaves in response to high‐density planting

Cheng-hao

Chen

et al. 2022

Agronomy Journal

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the major cereal crops worldwide. Increasing planting density is an effective way to improve crop yield. However, plants grown under high‐density conditions compete for water, nutrients, and light, which often leads to changes in productivity. To date, few studies have determined the transcriptomic differences in maize leaves in response to different planting densities. This study examined the whole‐genome expression patterns in the leaves of maize planted under high and low densities to identify density‐regulated genes. Leaves at upper, ear, and lower stem nodes were collected at the grain‐filling stage of the maize hybrid Xianyu335 grown under low‐density planting and high‐density planting. In total, 72, 733, and 1,739 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the respective upper, ear, and lower leaves under HDP. Upregulated and downregulated DEGs in the upper and lower leaves were similar in number, whereas upregulated DEGs in the ear leaves were significantly higher in number than the downregulated DEGs. Functional analysis indicated that genes responding to HDP‐related stresses were mediated by pathways involving four phytohormones responsible for metabolism and signaling, osmoprotectant biosynthesis, transcription factors, and fatty acid biosynthesis and protein kinases, which suggested that these pathways are affected by the adaptive responses of maize plants grown at high density. Research findings elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological and biochemical responses of the leaves of maize planted at high density.

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Varying Weed Densities Alter the Corn Transcriptome, Highlighting a Core Set of Weed‐Induced Genes and Processes with Potential for Manipulating Weed Tolerance

Abstract: Varying weed densities alter the corn transcriptome, highlighting a core set of weed-induced genes and processes with potential for manipulating weed tolerance. Plant Genome 12:190035.

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Plastic response to early shade avoidance cues has season‐long effect on Beta vulgaris growth and development

Plastic response to early shade avoidance cues has season‐long effect on Beta vulgaris growth and development

Teosinte (Zea mays ssp parviglumis) growth and transcriptomic response to weed stress identifies similarities and differences between varieties and with modern maize varieties

Transcriptional analyses of maize leaves in response to high‐density planting

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