Varying type of forage, concentration of metabolizable protein, and source of carbohydrate affects nutrient digestibility and production by dairy cows

Weiss, W.P.; St-Pierre, N.R.; Willett, L.B.

doi:10.3168/jds.2009-2247

Cited by 51 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Tendencies for higher MUN were therefore observed when comparing this treatment with WCS (P 5 0.06) or TS (P 5 0.07). Valadares Filho et al (2000) and Weiss et al (2009) also observed a decrease in MUN as dietary starch supply increased. Although ECS and TS diets had similar starch concentrations, the tendency for a lower MUN with TS suggests a better synchrony of carbohydrate fermentability and N release in the rumen leading to more efficient N utilization.…”

Section: Cs and Diet Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effect of grain and forage fractions of corn silage on milk production and composition in dairy cows

Boivin

Gervais

Chouinard

2013

Animal

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Corn silage (CS) is associated with a reduction in milk fat content. The fact that CS is constituted of a grain and a forage fraction could explain this effect. This experiment evaluated the effect of grain fraction of CS on rumen fermentation, production performance and milk composition. Earless CS (ECS) was harvested after manually removing corn ears from the plant. Whole CS (WCS) was harvested from the same field on the same day. Eight (four ruminally fistulated) multiparous Holstein cows (84 days in milk) were utilized in a double 4 × 4 Latin square with 21-day periods. Treatments were (dry matter (DM) basis) (1) 23.0% WCS; (2) 12.4% ECS plus 10.6% high moisture corn (HMC) to obtain reconstituted CS (RCS); (3) 23.0% ECS; and (4) 23.0% timothy silage (TS). Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and were fed as total mixed ration once a day. DM intake (DMI), milk yield, 4.0% fat-corrected milk (FCM), as well as protein concentration and yield were higher for WCS than ECS. Compared with WCS, cows tended to eat less with RCS, and produced less milk and milk protein. However, yield of FCM was similar between WCS and RCS. Milk fat concentration and yield, as well as the specific ratio oft11 18:1 tot10 18:1 in milk fat did not differ among diets. Milk urea-N tended to be higher for ECS than WCS and TS, whereas ruminal NH3-N was higher with ECS than TS. Rumen pH decreased linearly with time after feeding but was not different between treatments. Higher acetate and lower propionate concentration resulted in greater acetate to propionate ratio with ECS compared with WCS. In conclusion, removing grain fraction from CS decreased milk production and modified rumen fermentation without affecting milk fat concentration and yield. Moreover, despite some differences in DMI and total ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration between WCS and RCS, the restoration of FCM yield, using HMC in RCS diets, to a level of production similar to WCS highlights the importance of energy and nutrients supplied by the grain fraction of CS to support milk yield.

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Section: Cs and Diet Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effect of grain and forage fractions of corn silage on milk production and composition in dairy cows

Boivin

Gervais

Chouinard

2013

Animal

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“…The effect of dietary starch level on lactation performance is not consistent in the literature. For example, dietary starch content did not affect milk yield in some trials (Dann et al, 2008;Gencoglu et al, 2010;Dyck et al, 2011) whereas a negative effect of starch on production performance was observed when the concentration of rumen-degradable starch exceed 20% (Weiss et al, 2009). Optimum starch level for dairy diets is not defined, however it is suggested to be 24-30% (Kaiser and Shaver et al, 2006;Staples, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Schroeder and Titgemeyer (2008) reported that efficiency of protein utilization in the rumen depended on energy supplementation. Increasing dietary starch level usually decreases MUN (Weiss et al, 2009). Simultaneous supplementation with nitrogen and starch promotes higher nitrogen assimilation in the rumen, which decreases MUN level and consequently reduces nitrogen loss in the body fluids (Souza et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Starch and Crude Protein Levels on Milk Production and Composition of Dairy Cows Fed High Concentrate Diet

Sucak

Serbester

Görgülü

2017

Turkish JAF Sci.Tech.

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Effects of two dietary levels of starch and crude protein on performance of dairy cow fed low roughage level (70:30 concentrate to roughage) were investigated. Twenty eight Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were two dietary level of starch (14% and 22%) and crude protein (15% and 18%). Wheat straw was used as sole roughage source. The study was continued 6 weeks. Dry matter intake was not affected (P>0.05) by the dietary treatments in the study. Milk and protein yield (kg/d) were higher (P<0.05) with higher dietary crude protein level at each starch level. Milk urea concentrations were affected (P<0.01) by dietary protein levels with a value being higher by high dietary protein level. Nitrogen efficiency (Milk N/N intake) was decreased by increasing dietary crude protein level in the diet (P< 0.01). In conclusion, the cows fed TMR containing low level of wheat straw responded better when dietary protein increased. But, efficiency of N use decreased and N excretion to the environment increased.

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“…The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at University of California-Davis approved all the animal procedures in the experiments. The rest of the P f and P Ma measurements and the P MilkC measurements were obtained from experiments published by Weiss and Wyatt (2004b), Weiss et al (2009Weiss et al ( , 2011, and Beckman and Weiss (2005). The fecal and manure P measurements were related to considerably large range of values for DMI (15.0 to 32.0 kg/d), P i (53.9 to 128 g/d), dietary P concentrations (0.27 to 0.42% of DM), and milk yields (16.8 to 59.0 kg/d).…”

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of phosphorus output in manure and milk by lactating dairy cows

Álvarez-Fuentes

Appuhamy

Kebreab

2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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Mathematical models for predicting P excretions play a key role in evaluating P use efficiency and monitoring the environmental impact of dairy cows. However, the majority of extant models require feed intake as predictor variable, which is not routinely available at farm level. The objectives of the study were to (1) explore factors explaining heterogeneity in P output; (2) develop a set of empirical models for predicting P output in feces (P f ), manure (P Ma ), and milk (P m , all in g/cow per day) with and without dry matter intake (DMI) using literature data; and (3) evaluate new and extant P models using an independent data set. Random effect meta-regression analyses were conducted using 190 P f , 97 P Ma , and 118 P m or milk P concentration (P MilkC ) treatment means from 38 studies. Dietary nutrient composition, milk yield and composition, and days in milk were used as potential covariates to the models with and without DMI. Dietary phosphorus intake (P i ) was the major determinant of P f and P Ma . Milk yield negatively affected P i partitioning to P f or P Ma . In the absence of DMI, milk yield, body weight, and dietary P content became the major determinants of P f and P Ma . Milk P concentration (P MilkC ) was heterogeneous across the treatment groups, with a mean of 0.92 g/kg of milk. Milk yield, days in milk, and dietary Ca-to-ash ratio were negatively correlated with P MilkC and explained 42% of the heterogeneity. The new models predicted P f and P Ma with root mean square prediction error as a percentage of observed mean (RMSPE%) of 18.3 and 19.2%, respectively, using DMI when evaluated with an independent data set. Some of the extant models also predicted P f and P Ma well (RMSPE% = 19.3 to 20.0%) using DMI. The new models without DMI as a variable predicted P f and P Ma with RMSPE% of 22.3 and 19.6%, respectively, which can be used in monitoring P excretions at farm level. When evaluated with an independent data set, the new model and extant models based on milk protein content predicted P MilkC with RMSPE% of 12.7 to 19.6%. Although models using P intake information gave better predictions, P output from lactating dairy cows can also be predicted well without intake using milk yield, milk protein content, body weight, and dietary P, Ca, and total ash contents.

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Varying type of forage, concentration of metabolizable protein, and source of carbohydrate affects nutrient digestibility and production by dairy cows

Cited by 51 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of grain and forage fractions of corn silage on milk production and composition in dairy cows

Effect of grain and forage fractions of corn silage on milk production and composition in dairy cows

Effects of Dietary Starch and Crude Protein Levels on Milk Production and Composition of Dairy Cows Fed High Concentrate Diet

Prediction of phosphorus output in manure and milk by lactating dairy cows

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