Varying presentations and favourable outcomes of COVID‐19 infection in children and young adults with sickle cell disease: an additional case series with comparisons to published cases

Appiah‐Kubi, Abena; Acharya, Suchitra S.; Levy, Carolyn Fein; Vlachos, Adrianna; Ostovar, Gholamabbas Amin; Murphy, Kristina; Farrell, Antonella; Brower, Donna; Lipton, Jeffrey M.; Wolfe, Lawrence; Aygün, Banu

doi:10.1111/bjh.17013

Cited by 26 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 Of these, three more articles were excluded, as one was a report on a patient with sickle cell anemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 14 and two were published case reviews, 15 , 16 totalizing 20 eligible scientific documents. Finally, four were exclusively pediatric descriptions (between zero and < 19 years old), 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 five described both pediatric and adult data 12 , 13 , 21 , 22 , 23 and 11 exclusively reported on adults. 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 Figure 1 shows the selection of scientific documents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoglobinopathy and pediatrics in the time of COVID-19

Vilela

Braga

Loggetto

2021

Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy

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Introduction It is important to know if patients with hemoglobinopathy could be more susceptible to COVID-19. Objective Analyze SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients with hemoglobinopathy. Methods Using the online platforms LILACS, PUBMED and EMBASE, on 17- JUL-2020 a search was made for the terms COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 associated with “sickle cell”, “thalassemia” and “hemoglobinopathy”. Results There were 623 pediatric and adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) or beta thalassemia (BT) and COVID-19. Total mortality rate was 6.42%. No pediatric patient with BT has been described. So, our analysis focused on children and adolescents with SCD: there were 121 pediatric patients, one adolescent died, prophylactic anticoagulation was prescribed to six patients, 11.76% needed intensive care unit, blood transfusion was prescribed in 29.70%. Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) and acute chest syndrome (ACS) were the main clinical manifestations in SCD. Discussion Pediatric patients with SCD and COVID-19 have a low mortality rate when compared to adults, although is higher than the global pediatric population with COVID-19 (0−0.67%). The comorbidities associated with age and the long-term complications inherent to hemoglobinopathies may contribute to the increased mortality outside the pediatric age group. In SCD the clinical manifestations, both in children and adults, are VOC and ACS, and there was increase in blood requirement. Pediatric SCD patients with COVID-19 need more intensive care unit than the global pediatric population (3.30%). Conclusion Despite pediatric population with SCD needs more intensive care, the outcome after infection by COVID-19 is favorable.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoglobinopathy and pediatrics in the time of COVID-19

Vilela

Braga

Loggetto

2021

Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy

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“…There are also few reports on SCD and COVID 19 co-infection. A US-based case series of seven patients aged two to 20 years indicated that the majority present with fever, with or without vaso-occlusive episode or acute chest syndrome (72). All patients recovered; those hospitalized were treated with hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir, with anakinra prescribed for children with elevated inflammatory markers (72).…”

Section: Co-infections and Co-morbidities With Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Things must not fall apart: the ripple effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2020

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Children aged 0–19 years in sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate proportion of the global burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Significant public health gains have been made in the fight against these diseases. However, factors such as underequipped health systems, disease outbreaks, and conflict and political instability continue to challenge prevention and control. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) introduces new challenges to public health programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Of particular concern are programs targeting major conditions among children, such as undernutrition, vaccine-preventable pneumonia and diarrhea, malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, and sickle cell disease. This article focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child health in sub-Saharan Africa. We review the epidemiology of major pediatric diseases and, referencing modeling projections, discuss the short- and long-term impact of the pandemic on major disease control. We deliberate on potential complications of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections/co-morbidities and identify critical social and ethical issues. Furthermore, we highlight the paucity of COVID-19 data and clinical trials in this region and the lack of child participants in ongoing studies. Lastly, approaches and interventions to mitigate the pandemic’s impact on child health outcomes are discussed. Impact Children in sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases globally; this remains true even as the COVID-19 pandemic persists.Amidst the fast-expanding COVID-19 literature, there is little comprehensive coverage of the pandemic’s indirect impact on child health in sub-Saharan Africa.This article comprehensively outlines the threat that the pandemic poses to major disease prevention and control for children in sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections/co-morbidities, highlights research gaps, and advocates for data and action to mitigate the ripple effects of the pandemic on this population.

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“…We are still learning about the manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 in SCD patients, however the initial presentation of COVID-19 as painful VOC and then evolving with ACS has already been seen in adults. 2 , 3 Viral infections are well established as triggers to these SCD acute manifestations 4 , 5 and the one caused by the new coronavirus might not be an exception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%