”Vårvindar friska” och världen

Abstract

”Vårvindar friska” (Fresh Spring Breezes) and the World
 With a point of departure in a specific case of poetry reception the article aims to nuance the contemporary discussions of world literature, by paying attention to song performances, anthologies and the digital archive as central media for transnational circulation of poetry in a historical perspective. The article examines the national and international reception of the poem, or song lyrics known as ”Vårvindar friska” (1828, Fresh Spring Breezes) by the Swedish romantic poet Julia Nyberg (pseud. Euphrosyne). Nyberg used a traditional melody when composing her text and it was further adjusted to a specific image of the Nordic traditional song when it was included in the Swedish canon. The reception history shows how the song became associated with Swedishness and on that account subjected to a whole range of ideological and commercial agendas. Today, several interpretations and performances of the song are available on YouTube, and the user comments demonstrate that they generate interest in the words, including the original, full text.The case of ”Vårvindar friska” also provides an opportunity to highlight central types of media through which world literature has been envisioned during two formative periods. In the second half of the nineteenth century, poetry anthologies were considered important media for the collection and dissemination of world literature. In our own century, YouTube seems to have taken over some of these tasks and expectations which also relate to the more general question of world literature in a digital age. The obvious differences notwithstanding, the presence (or non-presence) of ”Vårvindar friska” and other Swedish romantic poetry in translation anthologies and in the YouTube archive, point out some similar features, such as the principles of recycling and remediation and identity formation as a driving force. The two reception contexts shed light on each other as well as further complicating our understanding of the dynamics between availability and impact on a world-wide scale.

The Origins of the Swedish Wage Bargaining Model

“…7 As Svensson says in his analysis of the 1938 Saltsjöbaden Agreement, the conflict between internationally competing industry and the sheltered sector is "primary to the opposition between labour and capital." 8 The present paper shows that, at least in case of the centralization of Swedish wage bargaining, the focus on the employer side as the driving force, and the focus on cross-class coalitions, has been overstated in the new consensus.…”

“…14 Swenson's analysis has become the consensus position in research on Swedish wage bargaining history, as shown by the anthology published for the seventieth anniversary of the 1938 Saltsjöbaden Agreement, in which Svensson and Fregert elaborate upon Swenson's analysis of wage leadership as created in 1938. 15 In this narrative, post-1938 establishment of export-sector wage leadership is key to understanding the subsequent Social Democratic success story: A cross-class alliance was at the heart of it.…”