Various Plasma Expanders in Animals

Vars, Harry M.; Parkins, W. M.; Perlmutt, Joseph H.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1952.tb26568.x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Dextran (6010) exhibits approximately twice the effect of withdrawing fluid from the interstitial compartment as does OPG (SOlo)". (See also [542,1466,1739]). …”

Section: V) Therapeutic Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Blood Replacement

Gruber¹

1969

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All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form withoutwritten permission from Springer-Verlag. © by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1969. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 69-16845Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1969The use of general descriptive names, trade marks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Title-No. 1551 Dedicated to my wife LisaEs wurde fertig in Deiner Hut. Bleib Du mir auf dieser Erden, so 5011 alles fertig werden. THOMAS MANN ForewordThe manifold problems of shock are still of great importance, diagnostic and therapeutic experience of the "severely ill" being supplied with new information almost every month. In the 5 periodicals which have found their way to my desk during the past few days there are no less than 10 interesting articles on questions concerning shock research [see Bibliography 41 b, 53 a, 60 a, 192 a, 242 a, 350 b, 810 a, 941 a, 1069 a, 1082 a]. The most urgent point still is to maintain as complete as possible the objective catalog of the various shock manifestations found in man and in animals -yet at the same time to view interpretations of these phenomena in their relative and temporal "truth".Problems of shock research are not only interesting for their scientific value but also for their clinical implication. In particular, almost every practicing physician is facing problems of blood replacement very frequently. The effective or circulating blood volume remains an important theoretical and therapeutic problem in the shock field. For years, U. F. GRUBER has pursued this question clinically and experimentally. This volume deals with the world literature in an exceptionally thorough manner. This book is made more than a compilation by including a long list of original work done with F. D. MOORE in Boston, in the Surgical Department in Chur, with L. E. GELIN and S. E. BERGENTZ in Goteborg and in the Laboratory for Experimental Surgery in Davos; judgements are made on the basis of original studies, and essential points are separated from unimportant ones. This volume will be welcomed by the medical profession because it carefully treats vital questions concerning this complicated, much-discussed, and in part contested field, considering that today, along with various forms of blood and several plasma preparations, there are more than 40 different plasma replacement substances available with various physico-chemical, biological and pharmacological properties. Older preparations have been abandoned, others modified, and new ones appear.A comparative evaluation of the chemical characteristics, the range of indication and the therapeutic effectiveness of these solutions suggests itself particularly at this time because in recent years the use of large amounts of balanced electrolyte solutions tended to reverse the principles of blood replaceme...

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“…Dextran (6010) exhibits approximately twice the effect of withdrawing fluid from the interstitial compartment as does OPG (SOlo)". (See also [542,1466,1739]). …”

Section: V) Therapeutic Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Blood Replacement

Gruber¹

1969

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“…The haemodilution experiments were carried out in 49 anaesthesized dogs (15-35 kg, both sexes) using a modification [15] of the method described by VARS et al [16]. In 3 series of experiments about one-third of the circulating blood volume was rapidly withdrawn and replaced by the same volume of Haemaccei:…”

Section: (23) Acute Blood Losses and Infusion Of Gelatin ( Haemaccelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of nonreacting animals was too small for a valid determination of the quartiles, but the medians for the blood histamine concentrations in right atrium, aorta, v. cava inferior, portal vein, and hepatic veins were16,17,19,15, and 21 ng/ml before bleeding and infusion of Haemaccel. Only batch 2559 of the plasma substitute was used in these experiments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of histamine elimination curves in plasma and whole blood of several circulatory regions: A method for studying kinetics of histamine release in the whole animal

et al. 1974

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Histamine concentrations in canine whole blood and plasma were determined under several pharmacological, pathophysiological, and clinical conditions using fluorometric methods.The specificity of the assay for whole-blood histamine was investigated by comparing 3 purification procedures for the isolation of histamine from whole blood including butanol extraction (Shore), ion-exchange chromatography on Dowex 50 W-X 8, and the combination of these 2 methods (Lorenz). Histamine in whole blood was identified in analytical and preparative samples by fluorescence spectra, thin-layer chromatography, degradation by diamine oxidase from pig kidney and inactivation by histamine methyltransferase from guinea-pig brain as well as by biological tests on the isolated guinea-pig ileum. Since butanol extraction resulted in significantly higher 'histamine' values than the other two purification procedures, ionexchange chromatography on Dowex 50 was recommended as the method of choice for the specific determination of histamine in doffs whole blood.Normal values of histamine concentrations in canine plasma were tentatively estimated. They depended on the time between pretreatment of the animals (anaesthesia, operation) and the collection of blood and showed an approximately logarithmic normal distribution. The median, the lower/upper quartiles and the range of the plasma histamine levels obtained 30 minutes after the end of pretreatment were 0.2, 0-0.4 and 0-1.2 ng/ml, respectively. Nearly 50 % of the values were zero (below 0.1 ng according to the sensitivity of the method), only 1 ~ of them exceeded slightly 1 ng/ml. Thus histamine release by drugs or by other medical treatments was only stated, when plasma histamine levels exceeded 1 ng/ml and decreased in a way to give an elimination carve of approximately first-order kinetics (Bateman function).Histamine concentrations in dog's whole blood showed approximately a logarithmic normal distribution. The median, lower/upper quartiles and range were 47, 34/75 and 13-209 ng/ml respectively.

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“…Whole blood histamine assay is easier than plasma histamine assay, and in dogs whole blood histamine determinations can replace plasma histamine determinations since dogs have a very low whole blood histamine level due to a very small number of basophils [8, I t]. The other two catheters were inserted both into the aorta, one for measuring the arterial blood pressure by a Statham pressure transducer and Hellige compensograph, the other for a rapid bleeding (for details see Vars et al [19] and Messmer et al [12@ After these manipulations the animals were a/lowed to recover for 20 rain [18]. Dimethpyrindene (1 mg/kg) and cimetidine (5 mg/kg) or saline as a placebo solution were administered i.v.…”

Section: Trial 3: Life-threatening Anaphylactoid Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylaxis of anaphylactoid reactions to a polypeptidal plasma substitute by H1- plus H2-receptor antagonists: Synopsis of three randomized controlled trials

Schöning

Lorenz

Doenicke³

1982

Klin Wochenschr

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Summary.To demonstrate the efficacy of a premedication with H a--}-H2-receptor antagonists against histamine-release responses in anaesthesia and surgery 3 randomized controlled trials were conducted in patients, volunteers and experimental animals (dogs). Cutaneous anaphylactoid reactions following infusion of polygeline (Haemaccel ®) in orthopedic patients were successfully abolished by premedication with 0.1 mg/kg dimethpyrindene (Fenistil) and 5 mg/kg cimetidine (Tagamet). Chlorpheniramine (Piriton) was also useful, but dimethpyrindene was more effective in the doses recommended and used. Side-effects of the premedication were not observed when the 2 drugs were slowly administered (2 min each).Systemic anaphylactoid reactions following infusion of polygeline were completely prevented in volunteers by the same premedication (0.1 mg/kg dimethpyrindene and 10 mg/kg cimetidine). Life-threatening reactions could not be tested in human subjects, but were elicited in experimental animals (dogs). In this species which resembles man in its sensitivity against histamine, in plasma histamine levels and in response to polygeline life-threatening reactions were prevented or in especially severe cases diminished to such an extent by the premedication with H 1-+ H2-blockers that this premedication was finally judged to be very effective against histamine-release responses of any grade of severity.To confirm this clinically very important hypothesis more clinical trims in patients at risk for anaphylactoid reactions to drugs are urgently needed.

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Various Plasma Expanders in Animals

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Blood Replacement

Blood Replacement

Evaluation of histamine elimination curves in plasma and whole blood of several circulatory regions: A method for studying kinetics of histamine release in the whole animal

Prophylaxis of anaphylactoid reactions to a polypeptidal plasma substitute by H1- plus H2-receptor antagonists: Synopsis of three randomized controlled trials

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