Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)

Abstract

Various combinations of zinc borate (ZB), alumina trihydrate (ATH) and magnesium hydroxide (MH) were used to retard the flammability of PVC composite. Flame retardancy of samples were investigated with limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. Further testing was achieved to expose the individual and synergistic effects of flame retardant additives on heat stability, Vicat softening temperature, fusion time, microstructure, mechanical and thermal characteristics. Microstructural and thermal analyses were performed by scanning electron microscopy and TG/DTA respectively. The LOI results showed that, high levels of ZB-ATH combination provided the highest LOI value of 53.4%. Although ZB and its combinations improved the fire performances of composites, they caused a small reduction at tensile strengths. When compared with plain PVC, flame retardant composites had better thermal stability. In addition to the advantages of ZB, when test results were evaluated with a holistic approach ZB-ATH-MH combination was understood to be an effective flame retardant alternative with this research.

Circular economy implementation in the development of fire-retardant materials used in construction, industry, and general-purpose products

“…Table 2 shows that Sample 1 has the highest tensile strength. The addition of plasticizer from PET and other flame retardants reduced material tensile strengths [27]. Tensile strength is reduced by 8.16 % when PETPlast1 plasticizer is added to VC-co-VAc copolymer materials, by 14.3 % PETPlast2, and 18.4% sa PETPlast3 plasticizers.…”

Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Modified with Developed Fire Retardant System Based on Nanoclay and L-histidinium Dihydrogen Phosphate-Phosphoric Acid

“…Moreover, it can also be a valuable tool for supplementing information about structural changes and the miscibility of polymeric compositions [24][25][26]. Referring to previous literature studies, the introduction of insoluble and inert additives to plasticized PVC, including flame retardants and fillers, may induce different tendencies (both increases and decreases) in PVC-P the thermomechanical stability as assessed by the VST criterion [27][28][29]. The results of the VST measurements are presented in Table 2.…”

Influence of Particle Size, Additive Ratio and Chemical Structure of Zinc Borate on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride

“…This provided an uniform composite stucture. However, in Figure 4(B) it seems that the nano-sized particles were agglomerated and formation of ZB agglomerates lead formation of weak zones in composite structure [30,31]. Since these zones caused a decrease in tensile strength of the composites, it can be inferred that additive ratio and tensile strength are inversely proportional.…”

“…SEM photographs obtained after the impact strength test of the composite showed that the mixing process time was sufficient and the particles were homogeneously distributed in the polymer structure. However, it was observed that there was a significant decrease in the impact strength of composites containing 5% ZB additive which can be attributed to agglomeration of particles [30,31].…”