Variety Wins: Soccer-Playing Robots and Infant Walking

Ossmy, Ori; Hoch, Justine E.; MacAlpine, Patrick; Hasan, Shohan; Stone, Peter; Adolph, Karen E.

doi:10.3389/fnbot.2018.00019

Cited by 65 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Artificial Intelligence researchers have experimentally tested this hypothesis using simulated humanoid walkers. When trained on varied paths (Ossmy et al., ; Urieli, MacAlpine, Kalyanakrishnan, Bentor, & Stone, ) or in varied environments (Heess et al., ), simulated walkers perform better in new, untrained settings. Here, we find that toys designed to encourage locomotion prompt infants to cover more ground.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It's the journey, not the destination: Locomotor exploration in infants

Hoch

O’Grady

Adolph

2018

Developmental Science

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What incites infant locomotion? Recent research suggests that locomotor exploration is not primarily directed toward distant people, places, or things. However, this question has not been addressed experimentally. In the current study, we asked whether a room filled with toys designed to encourage locomotion (stroller, ball, etc.) elicits different quantities or patterns of exploration than a room with no toys. Caregivers were present but did not interact with infants. Although most walking bouts in the toy-filled room involved toys, to our surprise, 15-month-olds in both rooms produced the same quantity of locomotion. This finding suggests that mere space to move is sufficient to elicit locomotion. However, infants' patterns of locomotor exploration differed: Infants in the toy-filled room spent a smaller percent of the session within arms' reach of their caregiver and explored more locations in the room. Real-time analyses show that infants in the toy-filled room took an increasing number of steps per bout and covered more area as the session continued, whereas infants in the no-toy room took fewer and fewer steps per bout and traveled repeatedly over the same ground. Although not required to elicit locomotion, moving with toys encouraged infants to travel farther from their caregivers and to explore new areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It's the journey, not the destination: Locomotor exploration in infants

Hoch

O’Grady

Adolph

2018

Developmental Science

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“…Moreover, immense varied input is conducive for learning. Simulated robots trained on infant-like paths or in varied environments perform better in new, untrained settings [59–61].…”

Section: Suggestions For Developmental Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development (of Walking): 15 Suggestions

Adolph

Hoch

Cole

2018

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

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Although a fundamental goal of developmental science is to identify general processes of change, developmental scientists rarely generalize beyond their specific content domains. As a first step toward a more unified approach to development, we offer 15 suggestions gleaned from a century of research on infant walking. These suggestions collectively address the multi-leveled nature of change processes, cascades of real-time and developmental events, the diversity of developmental trajectories, inter- and intraindividual variability, starting and ending points of development, the natural input for learning, and the roles of body, environment, and sociocultural context. We argue that these 15 suggestions are not limited to motor development, and we encourage researchers to consider them within their own areas of research.

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“…Researchers could use simulations to test whether the way a person planned and executed their movements was functional or not. Along these lines, Ossmy et al ( 2018 ) trained soccer-playing robots with kinematic walking data generated by infants during free play. The robots trained with a high variance of kinematic patterns won the simulated season of “RoboCup” (Ossmy et al, 2018 ) against robots trained with a low variance of kinematics.…”

Section: Future Research Directions and Potential Applications Of Embodied Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement Matters! Understanding the Developmental Trajectory of Embodied Planning

2021

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Human motor skills are exceptional compared to other species, no less than their cognitive skills. In this perspective paper, we suggest that “movement matters!,” implying that motor development is a crucial driving force of cognitive development, much more impactful than previously acknowledged. Thus, we argue that to fully understand and explain developmental changes, it is necessary to consider the interaction of motor and cognitive skills. We exemplify this argument by introducing the concept of “embodied planning,” which takes an embodied cognition perspective on planning development throughout childhood. From this integrated, comprehensive framework, we present a novel climbing paradigm as the ideal testbed to explore the development of embodied planning in childhood and across the lifespan. Finally, we outline future research directions and discuss practical applications of the work on developmental embodied planning for robotics, sports, and education.

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Variety Wins: Soccer-Playing Robots and Infant Walking

Cited by 65 publications

References 41 publications

It's the journey, not the destination: Locomotor exploration in infants

It's the journey, not the destination: Locomotor exploration in infants

Development (of Walking): 15 Suggestions

Movement Matters! Understanding the Developmental Trajectory of Embodied Planning

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