Variety of Ordered Patterns in Donor–Acceptor Polymer Semiconductor Films Crystallized from Solution

Li, Shunpu; Li, Jin; Chun, Youngtea; Shrestha, Pawan Kumar; Chang, Xiaofeng; Pivnenko, Mike; Chu, Daping

doi:10.1021/acsami.1c00079

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…However, if the X reaches a critical value X C , the system will no longer adopt its equilibrium state and occupy a new state, i.e., regular Turing pattern is generated. In our experiment, the organic material and solvent form a binary spinodal system 33,34 , and its schematic phase diagram is shown in Fig. 1d.…”

Section: Pattern Formation Mechanism and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turing patterns with high-resolution formed without chemical reaction in thin-film solution of organic semiconductors

Xiang

You

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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Regular patterns can form spontaneously in chemical reaction-diffusion systems under non-equilibrium conditions as proposed by Alan Turing. Here, we found that regular patterns can be generated in uphill-diffusion solution systems without a chemical reaction process through both in-situ and ex-situ observations. Organic semiconductor solution is confined between two parallel plates with controlled micron/submicron-meter distance to minimize convection of the liquid and avoid spinodal precipitation at equilibrium. The solvent evaporation concentrates the solution gradually into an oversaturated non-equilibrium condition, under which a phase-transition occurs and ordered concentration-waves are generated. By proper tuning of the experimental parameter, multiple regular patterns with micro/nano-meter scaled features (line, square-grid, zig-zag, and fence-like patterns etc.) were observed. We explain the observed phenomenon as Turing-pattern generation resulted from uphill-diffusion and solution oversaturation. The generated patterns in the solutions can be condensed onto substrates to form structured micro/nanomaterials. We have fabricated organic semiconductor devices with such patterned materials to demonstrate the potential applications. Our observation may serve as a milestone in the progress towards a fundamental understanding of pattern formation in nature, like in biosystem, and pave a new avenue in developing self-assembling techniques of micro/nano structured materials.

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Section: Pattern Formation Mechanism and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turing patterns with high-resolution formed without chemical reaction in thin-film solution of organic semiconductors

Xiang

You

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, if the X reaches a critical value XC, the system will no longer adopt its equilibrium state and occupy a new state, i.e., regular Turing pattern is generated. In our experiment, the organic material and solvent form a binary spinodal system, 31,32 and its schematic phase diagram is shown in Fig. 1d.…”

Section: Pattern Formation Mechanism and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turing patterns with high-resolution formed without chemical reaction in thin-film solution of organic semiconductors

Xiang

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Regular patterns can form spontaneously in chemical reaction-diffusion systems under non-equilibrium conditions as proposed by Alan Turing. Here, we found that regular patterns can be generated in uphill-diffusion solution systems without a chemical reaction process through both in-situ and ex-situ observations. Organic semiconductor solution is confined between two parallel plates with controlled micron/submicron-meter distance, to minimize convection of the liquid and avoid spinodal precipitation at equilibrium. The solvent evaporation concentrates the solution gradually into an oversaturated non-equilibrium condition, under which a phase-transition occurs and ordered concentration-waves are generated. By proper tuning of the experimental parameter, multiple regular patterns with micro/nano-meter scaled features (line, square-grid, zig-zag, and fence-like patterns etc.) were observed. We explain the observed phenomenon as Turing-pattern generation resulted from uphill-diffusion and solution oversaturation. The generated patterns in the solutions can be condensed onto substrates to form structured micro/nanomaterials. We have fabricated organic semiconductor devices with such patterned materials to demonstrate the potential applications. Our observation may serve as a milestone in the progress towards a fundamental understanding of pattern formation in nature, like in biosystem, and pave a new avenue in developing self-assembling techniques of micro/nano structured materials.

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Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetectors Based on Directionally Oriented Organic Bulk‐Heterojunctions

Perevedentsev

Mejri

Ruiz‐Preciado

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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Polarized spectroscopic photodetection enables numerous applications in diverse areas such as sensing, industrial quality control, and visible light communications. Although organic photodetectors (OPDs) can offer a cost‐effective alternative to silicon‐based technology—particularly when flexibility and large‐area arrays are desired—polarized OPDs are only beginning to receive due research interest. Instead of resorting to external polarization optics, this report presents polarized OPDs based on directionally oriented blends of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and benchmark polymer or nonfullerene acceptors fabricated using a versatile solution‐based method. Furthermore, a novel postprocessing scheme based on backfilling and plasma etching is advanced to ameliorate high dark‐currents that are otherwise inherent to fibrillar active layers. The resulting polarized P3HT:N2200 OPDs exhibit a broad enhancement across all principal figures of merit compared to reference isotropic devices, including peak responsivities of 70 mA W−1 and up to a threefold increase in 3 dB bandwidth to 0.75 MHz under parallel‐polarized illumination. Polarization ratios of up to 3.5 are obtained across a spectral range that is determined by the specific donor–acceptor combinations. Finally, as a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, polarized OPDs are used for photoelasticity analysis of rubber films under tensile deformation, highlighting their potential for existing and emerging applications in advanced optical sensing.

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Variety of Ordered Patterns in Donor–Acceptor Polymer Semiconductor Films Crystallized from Solution

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Turing patterns with high-resolution formed without chemical reaction in thin-film solution of organic semiconductors

Turing patterns with high-resolution formed without chemical reaction in thin-film solution of organic semiconductors

Turing patterns with high-resolution formed without chemical reaction in thin-film solution of organic semiconductors

Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetectors Based on Directionally Oriented Organic Bulk‐Heterojunctions

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