Variety features and methods of increasing the productivity of white mustard

Abstract

The aim of the research was to study the e ect of pre-sowing and foliar treatment with microelement micronutrient fertilizers on the productivity of white mustard and a comparative assessment of its varieties in the conditions of the forest- steppe of the Middle Volga region.Experimental work was carried out in 2020-2022 on the experimental eld of the Penza Research Institute of Agriculture. In the rst experiment, 9 varieties of white mustard of various selection, included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements, were studied. The scheme of eld experiments included the study of pre-sowing seed treatment and the treatment of mustard plants during vegetation with microfertilizers at a rate of 1.0 l/t and 1.0 l/ha, respectively. The experimental scheme included 8 microelement preparations (Humate +7, Agroverm, Izagri Vita, Megamix, Zircon, Cytovit, BlackJack, Izagri Force) and a variant without treatment. On average, over three years, the productivity of mustard seeds varied within 1.32-1.61 t/ha, depending on the variety. The highest yield in the experiment was noted in the varieties Lutsiya (1.57 t/ha) and Svetlanka (1.61 t/ha), which exceeded the average value for the experiment by 0.10…0.14 t/ha. The maximum oil content in the experiment was noted in the varieties Lucia and Omega (30.02 and 30.48 %), the minimum - in the varieties Passion and Bracco (25.05 and 26.24 %). At the same time, all varieties had a high indicator of agronomic stability at the level of 78.33 … 85.82 %, which characterizes their value for production. As a result of the use of microfertilizers, a tendency to increase the productivity of mustard was noted. When foliar processing of mustard plants, the most e ective fertilizers were Izagri Vita and Agroverm, which contributed to obtaining the largest yield of 1.69 and 1.67 t/ha. The maximum oil content in the experiment (29.72 and 29.70 %) was noted in the seeds when the plants were treated with BlackJack and Isagri Force preparations. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with microelement fertilizers contributed to the accumulation of oil in the seeds up to 27.75-29.46 %, with 27.87 % in the control. The highest yield in the experiment was obtained in the variants with seed treatment with Izagri Vita and BlackJack preparations (1.71 and 1.72 t/ha), which exceeded the control by 0.17…0.18 t/ha. In addition, the studied preparations a ect the fatty acid composition of oilseeds to varying degrees. Their application led to a decrease or increase in the concentration of fatty acids. Foliar top dressing with Cytovit contributed to an increase in the concentration of erucic acid up to 30.1 %. And pre-sowing treatment of seeds with this preparation leads to its decrease to 25.3 %.