Variety effect on composition, kinetics of fermentation and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; digestibility of oat (&lt;i&gt;Avena sativa&lt;/i&gt; L.) straw and its neutral detergent fibre

Kafilzadeh, F.; Heidary, N.; Bahraminejad, Sohbat

doi:10.4314/sajas.v42i4.9

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Differences in the NDF digestibility of the roughage component also affect digestibility of a diet. The NDF digestibility of oaten straw is generally greater than 20% ( Kafilzadeh et al, 2012 ) while that of hemp stalk is 12.7% ( Kleinhenz et al, 2020a ), indicating that hemp stalk should be less digestible than oat straw. However, the NDF digestibility of the hemp containing pellets was significantly higher than that of the control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen parameters, growth rate, carcase characteristics and cannabinoid residues of sheep fed pelleted rations containing hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) stubble

Krebs

Rosa

White

et al. 2021

Translational Animal Science

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The feeding value and impact of hemp stubble in the diet of ruminants is unknown. Fifteen Merino castrated male sheep were maintained in individual pens and fed one of three pelletised experimental inclusion diets, as a 0% (Control), 28% (Hemp 1), and 56% (Hemp 2) pellet that delivered a diet meeting the nutrient requirements of the animals. Inclusion of hemp stubble had no effect (P > 0.05) on either DM intake, live weight gain or the feed to gain ratio but positively impacted (P < 0.05) on nutrient digestibility. Hemp stubble inclusion increased the concentration (but not molar proportions) of acetic and butyric acids and increased both the concentrations and molar proportions of iso-butyric, iso-valeric, hexanoic and heptanoic acids, possibly due to increased protein digestibility and/or changes in the composition of rumen cellulolytic bacteria. Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) was the only cannabinoid found in plasma in the sheep fed the hemp-containing diets, and this was found at very low concentrations (< 16 μg/L). The psychoactive cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9-THC) was not detected in any plasma samples. THCA was detected in the liver of two sheep fed the Hemp 1 pellets and two sheep fed the Hemp 2 pellets. Cannabidiol (CBD) was detected in the liver of one sheep fed the Hemp 2 pellets (but no liver THCA was detected in this sheep). Δ 9-THC was detected in both the kidney fat and subcutaneous fat of all sheep fed hemp stubble, with the concentrations being higher (P < 0.05) in the sheep fed the Hemp 1 pellets. THCA was also detected in the subcutaneous fat of one of the sheep fed the Hemp 1 pellets. Four of the five sheep fed the Hemp 1 pellet and one of the five sheep fed Hemp 2 pellet had detectable levels of Δ 9-THC in the meat (loin). No other cannabinoids were detected in the meat. Current food standards regulations in Australia prohibit presence of any cannabinoid residues in commercial meat products; thus, determination of a withholding period is required to enable the safe feeding of hemp-stubble to sheep. Further research is also required to gain a greater understanding of the rumen metabolism of cannabinoids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen parameters, growth rate, carcase characteristics and cannabinoid residues of sheep fed pelleted rations containing hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) stubble

Krebs

Rosa

White

et al. 2021

Translational Animal Science

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“…The digestibility of a diet is also impacted by variations in the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and digestibility of the forage products. Oat straw typically has an NDF digestibility of above 20 percent ( 127 ), in contrast to Cannabis sativa stem which is 12.7 percent ( 121 ), suggesting that oat straw could be more easily digested than hemp stalk. More research into the digestibility of Cannabis sativa straw is necessary to understand the changes in apparent DM, OM, NDF, and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) digestibility’s as a result of Cannabis sativa straw addition in the pelleted diets.…”

Section: Effect Of Cannabinoids On Nutrient Digestibility Feed Effici...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of dietary hemp and cannabinoids to modulate immune response to enhance health and performance in animals: opportunities and challenges

Hassan,

Liu,

Mehboob

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Cannabinoids are a group of bioactive compounds abundantly present in Cannabis sativa plant. The active components of cannabis with therapeutic potential are known as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are divided into three groups: plant-derived cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids), endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and synthetic cannabinoids. These compounds play a crucial role in the regulation various physiological processes including the immune modulation by interacting with the endocannabinoid system (A complex cell-signaling system). Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) stimulates the binding of orexigenic peptides and inhibits the attachment of anorexigenic proteins to hypothalamic neurons in mammals, increasing food intake. Digestibility is unaffected by the presence of any cannabinoids in hemp stubble. Endogenous cannabinoids are also important for the peripheral control of lipid processing in adipose tissue, in addition to their role in the hypothalamus regulation of food intake. Regardless of the kind of synaptic connection or the length of the transmission, endocannabinoids play a crucial role in inhibiting synaptic transmission through a number of mechanisms. Cannabidiol (CBD) mainly influences redox equilibrium through intrinsic mechanisms. Useful effects of cannabinoids in animals have been mentioned e.g., for disorders of the cardiovascular system, pain treatment, disorders of the respiratory system or metabolic disorders. Dietary supplementation of cannabinoids has shown positive effects on health, growth and production performance of small and large animals. Animal fed diet supplemented with hemp seeds (180 g/day) or hemp seed cake (143 g/kg DM) had achieved batter performance without any detrimental effects. But the higher level of hemp or cannabinoid supplementation suppress immune functions and reduce productive performance. With an emphasis on the poultry and ruminants, this review aims to highlight the properties of cannabinoids and their derivatives as well as their significance as a potential feed additive in their diets to improve the immune status and health performance of animals.

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“…Hardwoods and softwoods such as aspen, eucalyptus, beechwood, larch have been harvested in the range between 5 and 7 ton/ha (Rodriguez et al, 1997;Pastor and Bockheim, 2011;Peng et al, 2018;Muhdi et al, 2019). While, agricultural residues such as wheat straw, corn strover and corncob were harvested in the range between 1 and 7 ton/ha (Morey et al, 2010;Kafilzadeh et al, 2012;Mensah et al, 2021). Effective biomass availability could affect logistic cost and profit for large scale production (Wang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Xylan Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrolysis of grass xylan by xylanases from Aureobasidium pullulans for xylooligosaccharide and xylitol productions

Nongkhai

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Ten grass samples were screened for potential as a xylan source and five including sugarcane leaf, purple guinea grass, Napier grass, sabi grass and vetiver grass were selected for optimization of xylan extraction. After optimization, sugarcane leaf gave the highest xylan recovery at 99.42% when it was extracted by 14.32% (w/v) NaOH at 13.25:1 liquid: solid ratio with 32.36-min steaming time. From the xylan structural and sugar composition analyses, the major xylan from sugarcane leaf was arabinoxylan whereas those from the other grass samples were (glucurono)arabinoxylan. Xylans from sugarcane leaf, purple guinea grass and Napier grass were selected for further enzymatic hydrolysis and xylooligosaccharide and xylitol production based on their high xylan recovery. After screening for the best xylanolytic enzymes producers, crude endoxylanase and ?-xylosidase were produced from Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL 58523 and A. pullulans CBS 135684, respectively, and used for the partial and complete xylan saccharification. After optimization, the maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides at 0.27 g/g initial xylan was received from sugarcane leaf through partial hydrolysis with 65.32 U/g xylan endoxylanase dosage and 52.89-h incubation time. Sugarcane leaf also gave the maximum xylose yield at 0.20 g/g initial xylan through the optimized completed hydrolysis with a cocktail of 69.93 U/g xylan endoxylanase and 67.85 U/g xylan ?-xylosidase and 17.71-h incubation time. Xylooligosaccharides from all digested xylans showed significant speciesspecific prebiotic activity toward Lactobacillus spp. Insignificant antioxidant activity was also observed from all grass xylans via DPPH assay. Xylose obtained from the complete hydrolysis was used for xylitol production by Candida tropicalis FS 10. The highest xylitol conversion efficiency at 28.78% was obtained when xylose from sugarcane leaf was added at 56.69 g/L to the optimized production medium containing 5.44 g/L glucose and 4.71 g/L yeast extract.

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Variety effect on composition, kinetics of fermentation and <i>in vitro</i> digestibility of oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) straw and its neutral detergent fibre

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen parameters, growth rate, carcase characteristics and cannabinoid residues of sheep fed pelleted rations containing hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) stubble

Intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen parameters, growth rate, carcase characteristics and cannabinoid residues of sheep fed pelleted rations containing hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) stubble

Potential of dietary hemp and cannabinoids to modulate immune response to enhance health and performance in animals: opportunities and challenges

Hydrolysis of grass xylan by xylanases from Aureobasidium pullulans for xylooligosaccharide and xylitol productions

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