Varieties of relaxation methods and their unique effects

Lehrer, Paul M.

doi:10.1007/bf01857884

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The relaxation program for this study includes education on the role of stress (management) in MS and practicing relaxation techniques such as Jacobson, Schultz, visualization, etc., pending their individual preferences (Lehrer, 1996). An experienced physical therapist conducted the program.…”

Section: Relaxation Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of a self-management occupational therapy intervention on activity performance in individuals with multiple sclerosis-related fatigue: a randomized-controlled trial

Kos

Duportail

Meirte

et al. 2016

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research

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Purpose to evaluate the effectiveness of an individual self-management occupational therapy intervention program (SMOoTh) versus relaxation on the performance of and satisfaction with relevant daily activities in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS)-related fatigue. in a single-blind randomized-controlled trial, 31 patients with MS (SMOoTh: n=17, relaxation: n=14) were randomly allocated to three individual sessions focusing on pacing, prioritizing, ergonomics, and self-management (SMOoTh) or on stress management and relaxation (relaxation). Outcomes (blind assessor): Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) (primary), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, Checklist Individual Strength and Short-Form Health Measure. COPM improved in the SMOoTh and relaxation group after the intervention and 3 months later (COPM performance: F=13.1, P=0.001 and COPM satisfaction: F=10.4, P=0.001); nonsignificant group differences showed a trend in favor of SMOoTh. Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, Checklist Individual Strength, and most of the Short-Form Health Measure subscales did not change. Clinically relevant changes in COPM performance scores were found in 71 and 27% of patients in the SMOoTh versus the relaxation group. Both interventions seem to be feasible approaches to improve performance of and satisfaction with relevant daily activities in people with MS, with a sustained effect after 3 months. Neither program altered change fatigue (impact) or quality of life. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed.

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Section: Relaxation Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of a self-management occupational therapy intervention on activity performance in individuals with multiple sclerosis-related fatigue: a randomized-controlled trial

Kos

Duportail

Meirte

et al. 2016

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research

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“…This information was also provided in the form of an evidence-based information booklet. Participants were instructed how to apply stress management techniques, including Jacobson relaxation skills, Schultz relaxation skills, visualization, and other techniques, depending on their individual preferences for one or more of the techniques (Lehrer, 1996). Participants also completed a stress reaction diary to record activities or events that evoked stress.…”

Section: Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity Pacing Self-Management in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kos

Eupen

Meirte

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy

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OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an activity pacing self-management (APSM) intervention in improving performance of daily life activities in women with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). METHOD. A total of 33 women with CFS (age 41.1 ± 11.2 yr) were randomly allocated to APSM (experimental group; n = 16) or relaxation (control group; n = 17). Main outcome measures included the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM; primary) and Checklist Individual Strength (CIS). RESULTS. COPM scores changed significantly over time in both groups (p = .03). The change in Satisfaction scores showed a significant difference in favor only of APSM (effect size = 0.74 [0.11, 1.4]). CIS scores decreased significantly in the experimental group only (p < .01). CONCLUSION. APSM was found to be feasible and effective in optimizing participation in desired daily life activities in women with CFS. Replication in a larger sample with long-term follow-up is required.

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“…Moreover, different relaxation techniques [e.g., progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), autogenic training, and self‐hypnosis] are usually recommended for athletes, without taking into account individual differences in personality and the requirements of the particular sport. Indeed, relaxation techniques have their own unique effects (Lehrer, 1996), which should be considered. PMR might have an influence on immunoenhancement (Pawlow & Jones, 2005).…”

Section: Pst To Meet the Requirements Of Hismentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological skills training as a way to enhance an athlete's performance in high‐intensity sports

Birrer

Morgan

2010

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

216

140

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The importance of psychological skills training (PST) in the development of athletic performance is widely recognized. This paper is a comprehensive review of PST in elite sports, with a special focus on high-intensity sports (HIS). The reviewed literature showed a lack of convincing evidence and theoretical underpinning concerning traditional psychological skills to enhance performance in HIS. Therefore, a model with three conceptual levels (psychological demands, skills and techniques) is presented. The model facilitates the identification of the psychological demands of a specific sport, which in turn enables distinguishing which psychological skills are required. This allows an expert to choose psychological techniques to improve the athlete's psychological skill. Considerations based on our model and the limited HIS-related literature available revealed self-skills, personal development and life skills, arousal-regulation skills, volitional skills, motivational skills and recovery skills as the most important skills to address in order to enhance performance. Development of harmonious passion, in-practice integration of volitional strategies, use of associative attentional techniques, pain management techniques, use of the mindfulness-acceptance approach and the facilitative interpretation of cognitive and somatic sensations are regarded as suitable to meet the psychological demands of HIS. They are recommended for systematic application by athletes and coaches.In today's professional and semi-professional sports, the thin line between winning and losing is becoming progressively thinner. At the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008, the difference between first and fourth places in the men's rowing events averaged 1.34%, with the equivalent for women being a mere 1.03%. This increasing performance density creates massive pressure. Thus, it is not surprising that in recent years, the importance of psychological skills training (PST) has been recognized, and the number of athletes using psychological training strategies has increased. This paper aims to address the effect of PST on an athlete's performance progress, with a special focus on a group of sports involving a high-intensity load. High-intensity sport (HIS) is characterized by an impact duration between 1 and 8 min, with a very high-impact intensity and a continuous power output throughout the performance phase. Typical examples of HIS are rowing, swimming, 800 and 1500 m track and field running, track cycling and flat-water canoeing. While some authors (e.g. Mujica, 2009) state that high-intensity exercise is also crucial in team sports, this paper focuses merely on individual sports because the psychological demands in these two sport forms are very different. This paper argues that in attempting to achieve outstanding performance, PST should be adapted to the psychological and physiological demands of each discipline. Therefore, it introduces the systematization of PST and proposes a model for the identification of the psychological demands of a specific...

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Varieties of relaxation methods and their unique effects

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

The effectiveness of a self-management occupational therapy intervention on activity performance in individuals with multiple sclerosis-related fatigue: a randomized-controlled trial

The effectiveness of a self-management occupational therapy intervention on activity performance in individuals with multiple sclerosis-related fatigue: a randomized-controlled trial

Activity Pacing Self-Management in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Psychological skills training as a way to enhance an athlete's performance in high‐intensity sports

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