Varieties of Necessity Entrepreneurship – New Insights From Sub Saharan Africa

Weber, Christiana; Faße, Anja; Haugh, Helen; Grote, Ulrike

doi:10.1177/10422587221111737

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Necessity-driven entrepreneurs are those driven to try entrepreneurship because of an urgent need for income. They are usually represented as people who, before starting their business, did not have a job or an income [23]. Necessity-based drivers produce the most persistent entrepreneurs since, when driven by the need to provide for themselves and their families, those who fail on the first try have no option but to try again and again until they succeed.…”

Section: Entrepreneurship Needs Challenges and Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on Entrepreneurship Needs, Challenges, and Models for Countries in Transition to Sustainable Development from Resource-Based Economy—Qatar as a Case

2023

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This paper presents a comprehensive and comparative investigation into the needs, challenges, and potential roles for entrepreneurship in transforming resource-rich countries into sustainable economies. It explores the role of entrepreneurship to help transition from a resource-based economy, mainly through increasing the number of entrepreneurs and enhancing private-enterprise-led and small and medium enterprises to achieve economic diversification. This study focuses on the case of Qatar, considering its current policies, mechanisms, and institutes, and how they are working together to help diversify the economy and ultimately transition from its current resource-based economy. It begins with a comprehensive review of the literature, including a discussion of the significance of economic diversification globally and examining the role of government and other actors in developing entrepreneurship and the private sector. The methodology and conditions are set out, followed by the findings of the qualitative interview study with key and representative stakeholders within the existing entrepreneurship arena, such as entrepreneurs (successful or failed), those wanting to be entrepreneurs, policymakers, investors, and supporting agencies. The interviews are thematically analyzed to identify apparent challenges, their root causes, and initial recommendations. Three barriers in the entrepreneurship ecosystem in Qatar are identified: (1) lack of a conducive and transparent legal, regulatory, and governance environment, (2) lack of access to risk-based financing for entrepreneurs, and (3) lack of locally relevant entrepreneurial mentorship and guidance. Finally, the authors used the literature review and interview results to develop a progressive, locally tailored, dynamic preliminary framework for Qatar, and similar countries, to increase the number of entrepreneurs and small businesses to achieve economic growth and diversification.

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Section: Entrepreneurship Needs Challenges and Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on Entrepreneurship Needs, Challenges, and Models for Countries in Transition to Sustainable Development from Resource-Based Economy—Qatar as a Case

2023

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“…Critically, entrepreneurial efforts to reduce shame bridge individual and collective feelings of injustice that transcend the self/other dichotomy of entrepreneurial motives entrenched in the current entrepreneurship literature (e.g., Grant, 2008;Ruskin et al, 2016;Van de Ven et al, 2007). In fact, our emancipatory pathway is unique in that it seems to have both components of necessity entrepreneurship (Ballesteros-Sola & Osorio-Novela, 2021;Doering & Wry, 2022;Weber, Fasse, Haugh, & Grote, 2022) and social entrepreneurship. These two types of entrepreneurship have been cast as distinct: one being self-interested and driven out of need (Dencker et al, 2021), the other being other-orientated and driven by a desire for change (Chatterjee, Cornelissen, & Wincent, 2021;George, Haas, Joshi, McGahan, & Tracey, 2022;T.…”

Section: Transcending the Self/other Dichotomy In Entrepreneurial Mot...mentioning

confidence: 95%

Entrepreneurship Out of Shame: Entrepreneurial Pathways at the Intersection of Necessity, Emancipation, and Social Change

Bacq

Toubiana

Ruebottom

et al. 2023

Organization Theory

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Shame has been identified as a debilitating emotion that impedes entrepreneurial action. Yet, there are many examples of people who experience shame and go on to create entrepreneurial ventures. How then is entrepreneurship possible in the face of such shame? To address this question, we develop a theoretical process model that highlights the connection between individual and collective experiences of shame and elaborates when and how such experiences may lead to entrepreneurship. We suggest that third-person experiences of shame can transform first-person experiences and trigger identification with a community of similarly stigmatized others. We argue that the distinct narratives provided by these communities can reduce or enhance entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and therefore lead to different entrepreneurial pathways: some individuals may create ventures out of necessity, while others will create ventures that act as shame-free havens for themselves and others, and become a source of emancipation and social change. By outlining distinct entrepreneurial pathways out of shame, we extend current research at the intersection of entrepreneurship, necessity, emancipation, and social change.

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“…However, the necessity-opportunity entrepreneurship dichotomy is too limited and the boundary between opportunity and necessity dynamics is certainly not as clear-cut as it appears in the abovementioned works. This view is shared by [44,[52][53][54][55][56].…”

Section: Towards a More Complex Interpretation Of Realitymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Besides, it is not certain whether entrepreneurs obey exclusively to one or the other dynamic, and, as emphasized by [58,59], it is worthwhile asking whether necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs are actually homogenous groups. Following [6,52,53,60,61], we consider the possibility of a simultaneous belonging to both dynamics and the possible existence of sub-groups.…”

Section: Towards a More Complex Interpretation Of Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunity and/or Necessity Entrepreneurship? The Impact of the Socio-Economic Characteristics of Entrepreneurs

et al. 2023

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Entrepreneurs have often been considered as either belonging to the necessity or to the opportunity category based on their motivations when they started their organization. However, the necessity/opportunity entrepreneurship dichotomy is too limiting and the boundary between opportunity and necessity is certainly not as clear-cut as it is assumed. Moreover, the interpretation of the entrepreneurial motivation must be considered as a product of the interaction between a specific situation and a specific individual. Depending on the individual’s characteristics, the same motivation could be interpreted either as a necessity motivation or as an opportunity motivation. In this paper, based on an original dataset of 538 Belgian nascent entrepreneurs, we thus explore the impact of entrepreneurs’ background and socio-economic characteristics on the way they position themselves on the necessity–opportunity axis. We point out that individuals who become involved in an entrepreneurial process have encountered a situation of necessity and/or opportunity and that the latter can take various forms. We show the impact of the socio-economic characteristics of entrepreneurs on the alignment of their project with a necessity or opportunity entrepreneurial dynamic. The existence of sub-profiles of entrepreneurs within the necessity–opportunity typology is also highlighted. We stress, for instance, that not all jobseekers are necessity entrepreneurs and that new venture creation based on family influence may convey both a necessity and an opportunity dimension. Finally, our study reveals a new kind of entrepreneurship, i.e., hobby entrepreneurship.

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Varieties of Necessity Entrepreneurship – New Insights From Sub Saharan Africa

Cited by 20 publications

References 142 publications

Investigations on Entrepreneurship Needs, Challenges, and Models for Countries in Transition to Sustainable Development from Resource-Based Economy—Qatar as a Case

Investigations on Entrepreneurship Needs, Challenges, and Models for Countries in Transition to Sustainable Development from Resource-Based Economy—Qatar as a Case

Entrepreneurship Out of Shame: Entrepreneurial Pathways at the Intersection of Necessity, Emancipation, and Social Change

Opportunity and/or Necessity Entrepreneurship? The Impact of the Socio-Economic Characteristics of Entrepreneurs

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