In this paper, we study the structure and the first-order definability in the lattice L(SP) of equational theories of strongly permutative semigroups, that is, semigroups satisfying a permutation identity x 1 • • • x n = x σ(1) • • • x σ(n) with σ(1) > 1 and σ(n) < n. We show that each equational theory of such semigroups is described by five objects: an order filter, an equivalence relation, and three integers. We fully describe the lattice L(SP); inclusion, operations ∨ and ∧, and covering relation. Using this description, we prove, in particular, that each individual theory of strongly permutative semigroups is definable, up to duality.