Varietal Responses of Soybeans to a Bacterial‐Induced Chlorosis<sup>1</sup>

Erdman, Lewis W.; Johnson, H. W.; Clark, Francis E.

doi:10.2134/agronj1957.00021962004900050013x

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Rhizobitoxine interferes with chlorophyll synthesis in developing leaves producing a distinctive interveinal foliar chlorosis. This foliar chlorosis has been reported in producers' fields in the states of Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North and South Carolina, and Tennessee (Erdman et al, 1957).…”

Section: Genetically Defined Traits"mentioning

confidence: 58%

Host genetic control of symbiosis in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Devine¹,

Kuykendall²

1996

Plant Soil

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Genes controlling nitrogen-fixing symbioses of legumes with specialized bacteria known as rhizobia are presumably the products of many millions of years of evolution. Different adaptative solutions evolved in response to the challenge of survival in highly divergent complexes of symbionts. Whereas efficiency of nitrogen fixation appears to be controlled by quantitative inheritance, genes controlling nodulation are qualitatively inherited. Genes controlling nodulation include those for non-nodulation, those that restrict certain microsymbionts, and those conditioning hypernodulation, or supernodulation. Some genes are naturally occurring polymorphisms, while others were induced or were the result of spontaneous mutations. The geographic patterns of particular alleles indicate the role of coevolution in determining symbiont specificities and compatibilities. For example, the R j4 allele occurs with higher frequency (over 50%) among the soybean (G. max) from Southeast Asia. DNA homology studies of strains of Bradyrhizobium that nodulate soybean indicated two groups so distinct as to warrant classification as two species. Strains producing rhizobitoxine-induced chlorosis occur only in Group II, now classified as B. elkanii. Unlike B. japonicum, B. elkanii strains are characterized by (1) the ability to nodulate the rjl genotype, (2) the formation of nodule-like structures on peanut, (3) a relatively high degree of ex planta nitrogenase activity, (4) distinct extracellular polysaccharide composition, (5) distinct fatty acid composition, (6) distinct antibiotic resistance profiles, and (7) low DNA homology with B. japonicum. Analysis with soybean lines near isogenic for the R j4 versus rj4 alleles indicated that the Rj4 allele excludes a high proportion of B. elkanii strains and certain strains of B. japonicum such as strain USDA62 and three serogroup 123 strains. These groups, relatively inefficient in nitrogen fixation with soybean, tend to predominate in soybean nodules from many US soils. The R j4 allele, the most common allelic form in the wild species, has a positive value for the host plants in protecting them from nodulation by rhizobia poorly adapted for symbiosis.

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Section: Genetically Defined Traits"mentioning

confidence: 58%

Host genetic control of symbiosis in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Devine¹,

Kuykendall²

1996

Plant Soil

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“…USDA 110 and 123 are Group I/Ia strains whereas the remainder belong to Group II (Devine et al, 1988;Hollis et al, 1981). Strain USDA 31 may induce light RT symptoms (Erdman et al, 1957), whereas USDA 46 is not documented to be a chlorosis-inducing strain. Strain USDA 31 may induce light RT symptoms (Erdman et al, 1957), whereas USDA 46 is not documented to be a chlorosis-inducing strain.…”

Section: Inoculum Preparation and Greenhouse Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study by Erdman et al (1957) found that the expression of severe RT symptoms among several soybean cultivars nodulated by B. japonicum strain USDA 76 resulted in decreased vegetative yield and pod weight. A study by Erdman et al (1957) found that the expression of severe RT symptoms among several soybean cultivars nodulated by B. japonicum strain USDA 76 resulted in decreased vegetative yield and pod weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although studies have examined soybean shoot response to nodulation by RT + bradyrhizobia (Erdman et al, 1957;Fuhrmann, 1990), similar studies of effects on nodule function are lacking. Rhizobitoxine can inhibit methionine and ethylene biosynthesis (Giovanelli et al, 1972;Owens et al, 1968Owens et al, , 1971, suggesting it may disrupt protein synthesis important to nodule activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the significant numbers of RT + strains present in soils of the southeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the U.S. (Erdman et al, 1957;Fuhrmann, 1990;Weber et al, 1989), the effect of RT on soybean productivity should be clarified in order to help assess the impact of indigenous B. japonicum strains on soybean production. Considering the significant numbers of RT + strains present in soils of the southeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the U.S. (Erdman et al, 1957;Fuhrmann, 1990;Weber et al, 1989), the effect of RT on soybean productivity should be clarified in order to help assess the impact of indigenous B. japonicum strains on soybean production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soybean response to nodulation by bradyrhizobia differing in rhizobitoxine phenotype

Teaney

Fuhrmann

1992

Plant Soil

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Rhizobitoxine-producing (RT +) strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, differing in their abilities to induce foliar chlorosis with 'Forrest' soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), were evaluated for effects on short term shoot productivity, nodulation, N 2 fixation, and nodule protein production under greenhouse conditions. Soybeans were singly inoculated with washed suspensions of (Group II) USDA strains 31, 46, 76, 94, 110, 123 or 130. Strains USDA 110 and USDA 123 (Group I/Ia) were included as RT-controls. The plants were cultured in the absence of combined N in horticultural-grade vermiculite for 49 days. Beginning 21 days after planting, plants were evaluated weekly for chlorophyll, leaf protein and biomass accumulation, nodular contents of leghemoglobin, soluble protein and RT, and total shoot N content. Rhizobitoxine was detected in nodules of all RT + strains with the exception of USDA 31. However, only USDA 76 and USDA 94 produced both quantifiable concentrations of RT and symptoms of RT-induced chlorosis. Coincident with moderate to severe chlorosis were reductions in chlorophyll concentrations, shoot and nodule dry weight, leaf protein and total N 2 fixation. During extended periods of severe chlorosis, reductions in Lb and soluble nodular protein were observed. Based on carbon accumulation, all non-chlorotic treatments were statistically more productive than the chlorotic treatments. Similarly, non-chlorotic Group II treatments tended to fix less carbon relative to the RT-Group I/Ia controls, although these differences were not statistically significant. The results of this study suggest that, in the absence of discernable foliar chlorosis, the effect of RT + (Group II) nodulation on short term soybean productivity is minimal.

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Inheritance of rhizobitoxine‐induced chlorosis in soybean

et al. 2020

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There are two species of Bradyrhizobium that nodulate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and fix nitrogen (N): B. japonicum and B. elkanii. Bradyrhizobium elkanii is endemic to soils in the southeastern region of the United States. Some strains of B. elkanii produce rhizobitoxine (RT), a toxin that causes chlorosis on newly developing trifoliates of some field‐grown soybean, in root nodules. Some soybean genotypes are resistant to rhizobitoxine‐induced (RI) chlorosis. The objective of this research was to determine the inheritance of soybean resistance to RI chlorosis. Crosses were made between resistant and susceptible cultivars. Progeny were identified as susceptible, resistant, or segregating in the first, second, and third self‐pollinated generations. All F1 hybrids from crosses between resistant and susceptible soybean exhibited seedling chlorosis, indicating that genes for resistance to chlorosis are recessive. The F2 progeny segregated in a ratio of nine susceptible to seven resistant, indicating that there are two genes responsible for the soybean resistance to RI chlorosis. This ratio was confirmed in F2:3 population screening. One hundred forty‐one simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers polymorphic in both a susceptible parent and a resistant parent were used to locate the genes responsible for resistance to chlorosis. A gene found near marker Satt 657 on linkage group (LG) F (chromosome 13) explained a statistically significant 32% of the phenotypic variation among F2 plants based on the p‐value and R2 of a single factor ANOVA. The second gene was not located.

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Varietal Responses of Soybeans to a Bacterial‐Induced Chlorosis¹

Cited by 31 publications

References 1 publication

Host genetic control of symbiosis in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Host genetic control of symbiosis in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Soybean response to nodulation by bradyrhizobia differing in rhizobitoxine phenotype

Inheritance of rhizobitoxine‐induced chlorosis in soybean

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Varietal Responses of Soybeans to a Bacterial‐Induced Chlorosis1

Cited by 31 publications

References 1 publication

Host genetic control of symbiosis in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Host genetic control of symbiosis in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Soybean response to nodulation by bradyrhizobia differing in rhizobitoxine phenotype

Inheritance of rhizobitoxine‐induced chlorosis in soybean

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Varietal Responses of Soybeans to a Bacterial‐Induced Chlorosis¹