Varietal differences in accumulation of ochratoxin a in barley and wheat cultivars after inoculation of<i>Penicillium verrucosum</i>

Axberg, Karin; Jansson, Gunnar; Svensson, Gunnar; Hult, Karl

doi:10.1080/09064719709362465

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As shown in Table 3, the grain did not susceptibility to OTA accumulation, especially because all four cultivars had similar Cont.% at harvest, both for spikelets (2-8%) and threshed out kernels (2-11%). These findings are in accordance with other studies on barley and wheat, which also report cultivar differences in OTA susceptibility [20][21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Penicillium verrucosum occurrence and Ochratoxin A contents in organically cultivated grain with special reference to ancient wheat types and drying practice

Elmholt¹,

Rasmussen²

2005

Mycopathologia

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This study addresses the relationship between the ochratoxigenic strains of Penicillium verrucosum and ochratoxin A (OTA) contents in organically cultivated grain. It included 37 combined, nondried grain samples from farmers with no drying facilities as well as 19 non-dried and 22 dried samples from six farms with on-farm drying facilities (Case studies 1-6). The study focused on the ancient wheat type spelt but also included samples of wheat, rye, barley, oats, triticale, emmer, and einkorn. All 78 samples were analysed for moisture content (MC) and occurrence of P. verrucosum.The latter was assessed by plating non-disinfected kernels on DYSG agar and counting those contaminated by the fungus. Fiftyfive samples were analysed for OTA. Most of the combine harvested samples (82%) were contaminated with P. verrucosum prior to drying. This was ascribed to difficult harvest conditions and many samples of spelt, which was significantly more contaminated by P. verrucosum than oats, wheat and barley. Though not statistically significant, the results also indicated that spelt was more contaminated than rye, which is usually regarded the most sensitive small grain cereal. No correlation was found between number of kernels contaminated by P. verrucosum and OTA content. Despite many non-dried samples being contaminated by P. verrucosum, only two exceeded the EU maximum limit for grain (5 ng OTA g -1 ), both being spring spelt with 18 and 92 ng g -1 , respectively. The problems were most likely correlated to a late harvest and high MC of the grain. The case studies showed exceedings of the maximum limit in a batch of dried oats and spring wheat, respectively, probably to be explained by insufficient drying of late harvested grain with high MC. Furthermore, our results clearly indicate that OTA is not produced in significant amounts in samples with MCs below 17%. All dried samples with MCs above 18% exceeded the 5 ng OTA g -1 limit in grain. However, no correlation between MC and the amount of OTA produced was found.2

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Penicillium verrucosum occurrence and Ochratoxin A contents in organically cultivated grain with special reference to ancient wheat types and drying practice

Elmholt¹,

Rasmussen²

2005

Mycopathologia

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“…Crop varietal differences in grain OTA accumulation were reported in rapeseed (Madhyastha, Marquardt, & Frohlich, ), barley (Axberg, Jansson, Svensson, & Hult, ), wheat (Axberg et al, ; Madhyastha et al, ), and rice (Axberg, Jansson, & Hult, ). Madhyastha et al () reported significant differences among five rapeseed cultivars and five wheat cultivars for OTA accumulation when inoculated with Aspergillus alutaceus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Among the five cultivars evaluated, grain OTA levels ranged from 7 ppb (cultivar Triangle) to 1.9 ppb (cultivar Alaska) (Brazauskienė et al, ). Axberg et al () reported significant differences among six barley and three wheat cultivars for OTA accumulation after inoculation with P. verrucosum . Although the number of cultivars included in their study was small, they suggested that OTA accumulation was associated with amylose content in barley cultivars and with protein content in wheat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oat cultivar on ochratoxin A accumulation following grain inoculation with Penicillium verrucosum

et al. 2019

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Background and objectives Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a carcinogenic and nephrotoxic mycotoxin produced by various Penicillium and Aspergillus species. Cereal grains, including oats, are among the food sources that can be contaminated with OTA. Grains of twelve oat cultivars grown in seven environments were inoculated with P. verrucosum and incubated at 0.90 aw and 22.5°C for 7 weeks. Our objectives were to (a) determine the effect of cultivar and growing environment on OTA contamination in oat grain and (b) identify oat grain characteristics associated with OTA accumulation. Findings The effect of the cultivar was significant in two of the environments considered. When data from all seven environments were combined for analysis, significant differences among oat cultivars were also observed. Grain composition and grain physical characteristics were determined to identify characteristics associated with OTA accumulation. We found that test weight, groat percent, the proportion of plump groats, and groat oil content were significantly correlated with the level of OTA accumulation in the grains. Conclusions Significant differences among genotypes for level of OTA accumulation suggest that cultivars with lower levels of OTA accumulation can be used to help mitigate risks of OTA contamination in oat grain. Significance and novelty This study is the first to report differences among oat cultivars for OTA accumulation.

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“…Cultivar differences in mycotoxin accumulation were found in rice, cowpea, peanut, broad bean, wheat, and barley (Axberg, ; Axberg Jansson, Svensson, & Hult, ; El‐Kady, El‐Maraghy, & Zohri, , ; Wilson, Mixon, & Troeger, ). Incubation time and cultivar glucosamine content were related to OTA production by A. alutaceus in wheat and rapeseeds (Madhyastha, Marquardt, & Frohlich, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incubation time and cultivar glucosamine content were related to OTA production by A. alutaceus in wheat and rapeseeds (Madhyastha, Marquardt, & Frohlich, ). Axberg et al () suggested that differences in OTA accumulation between wheat and barley cultivars inoculated with P. verrucosum were associated with protein content and grain amylose in barley and wheat, respectively. Chelkowski, Dopierala, Godlewska, Radomyska, and Szebiotko () reported that the initial stage of fungus establishment was different depending on the cultivar for wheat and barley.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature, water activity, and fungal isolate on ochratoxin A accumulation in oat grain inoculated with Penicillium verrucosum and development of a methodology to screen oat cultivars for ochratoxin A accumulation

et al. 2019

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Background and objectives Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in cereal grains. In temperate climates, Penicillium verrucosum is the primary OTA producer. Our objectives were (a) to determine the effects of various factors on OTA accumulation in oat grain inoculated with P. verrucosum and (b) to develop a method to screen oat cultivars for OTA accumulation. Findings Grain samples from three oat cultivars were inoculated with three different isolates of P. verrucosum, incubated at two water activity levels (0.85 and 0.90 aw) and two temperatures (22.5 and 27.5°C) for 4, 7, and 10 weeks. A water activity of 0.90 and a temperature of 22.5°C provided the highest level of OTA accumulation. Isolate C1136‐1 was the highest OTA producer among the isolates of P. verrucosum studied. The longer the incubation period, the higher the OTA accumulation in oat grain samples was. Conclusions The P. verrucosum isolate, the water activity and temperature during incubation, and the incubation period, all had an effect on the level of OTA accumulation. Inoculating grains with isolate C84‐2 and incubating at 22.5°C and 0.90 aw for 7 weeks provided adequate conditions to screen oat cultivars for OTA accumulation. Significance and novelty A new protocol was developed that can be used for discriminating among oat cultivars for level of OTA accumulation. It would ultimately help breeders and pathologists in selecting genotypes with reduced OTA accumulation.

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Varietal differences in accumulation of ochratoxin a in barley and wheat cultivars after inoculation ofPenicillium verrucosum

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Penicillium verrucosum occurrence and Ochratoxin A contents in organically cultivated grain with special reference to ancient wheat types and drying practice

Penicillium verrucosum occurrence and Ochratoxin A contents in organically cultivated grain with special reference to ancient wheat types and drying practice

Effect of oat cultivar on ochratoxin A accumulation following grain inoculation with Penicillium verrucosum

Effects of temperature, water activity, and fungal isolate on ochratoxin A accumulation in oat grain inoculated with Penicillium verrucosum and development of a methodology to screen oat cultivars for ochratoxin A accumulation

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