Varicoceles: prevalence and pathogenesis in adult men

Clavijo, Raul I.; Carrasquillo, Robert; Ramasamy, Ranjith

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.06.036

Cited by 104 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Indirectly, it is known that the vasodilation effect of nitric oxide increases the blood flow in the blood vessels of various body tissues, including the testes (Casey, Walker, Ranadive, Taylor, & Joyner, ; Simmonds, Detterich, & Connes, ). Increased blood flow in the testes was found to enhance testosterone production by Leydig cells, which may enhance spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells (Clavijo, Carrasquillo, & Ramasamy, ; Wang, Gu, Tao, & Wu, ), and consequently improves semen quality.…”

Section: Mechanistic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on semen quality

Banihani

2019

Andrologia

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To date, according to the Scopus database, the biological effects of ginger (binominal name: Zingiber officinale), or ginger extracts, and its derived compounds on semen quality and sperm parameters have been revealed in more than 35 original articles. Though, still, there are no collective systematic or narrative discussion and conclusion of this specific research streak. Here, we systematically review and summarise the current link between ginger and its bioactive compounds with semen quality. To achieve this, we searched the central databases (Scopus and PubMed) for original studies, published in English language from August 2004 through February 2019 using the keywords “ginger” versus “sperm” and “semen.” In summary, there is solid evidence that ginger enhances semen quality and improves the main sperm parameters such as concentration, viability, motility and morphology. Such beneficial effects of ginger on semen quality are attributable, at least in part, to increased levels of gonadal hormones, in particular, testosterone and luteinising hormone, decreased oxidative damage to cells, increased production of nitric oxide, hypoglycaemic response of ginger and the presence of valued nutrients in ginger such as manganese. Still, the positive effects of ginger on semen quality require additional approval in men.

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Section: Mechanistic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on semen quality

Banihani

2019

Andrologia

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“…Genitourinary infection, urological surgery during childhood, and illicit drugs are common and under-recognised causes of male infertility. Varicoceles increase scrotal temperature and reduce testicular perfusion 6. A meta-analysis of observational studies noted that varicoceles were associated with reduced sperm quality 7.…”

Section: What Causes Male Infertility?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing male infertility

Wall¹,

Jayasena

2018

BMJ

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“…Varicocele is defined as an abnormal dilation of the pampiniform plexus, the drainage complex in testis. This physical alteration can result in blood stasis, heat stress and retrograde flow of metabolites, and this is particularly important for smokers, because the toxic metabolites present in cigarettes can cross the blood testis/epidydimis barrier, altering its milieu (Benoff, Millan, Hurley, Napolitano, & Marmar, 2004; Clavijo, Carrasquillo, & Ramasamy, 2017; El Mulla, Köhn, El Beheiry, & Schill, 1995; Masson & Brannigan, 2014). Previous studies have demonstrated that varicocele potentiate the toxic effects of smoking (Benoff et al, 2004; El Mulla et al, 1995), but this literature still needs more studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seminal plasma protein networks and enriched functions in varicocele: Effect of smoking

et al. 2020

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To verify a possible synergistic effect of smoking and varicocele on the seminal plasma proteome and biological functions, a cross‐sectional study was performed in 25 smokers and 24 nonsmokers. Samples were used for conventional semen analysis, functional analysis (DNA fragmentation, acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity) and proteomics by a shotgun approach. Functional enrichment of biological pathways was performed in differentially expressed proteins. Smokers presented lower ejaculate volume (p = .027), percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa (p = .002), total sperm count (p = .039), morphology (p = .001) and higher percentage of immotile spermatozoa (p = .03), round cell (p = .045) and neutrophil count (p = .009). Smokers also presented lower mitochondrial activity and acrosome integrity and higher DNA fragmentation. We identified and quantified 421 proteins in seminal plasma, of which one was exclusive, 21 were overexpressed and 70 were underexpressed in the seminal plasma of smokers. The proteins neprilysin, beta‐defensin 106A and histone H4A were capable of predicting the smoker group. Enriched functions were related to immune function and sperm machinery in testis/epididymis. Based on our findings, we can conclude that cigarette smoking leads to the establishment of inflammatory protein pathways in the testis/epididymis in the presence of varicocele that seems to act in synergy with the toxic components of the cigarette.

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Varicoceles: prevalence and pathogenesis in adult men

Cited by 104 publications

References 72 publications

Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on semen quality

Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on semen quality

Diagnosing male infertility

Seminal plasma protein networks and enriched functions in varicocele: Effect of smoking

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