Varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immunity in subjects with herpes zoster

Otani, Naruhito; Yamanishi, Kiyofumi; Sakaguchi, Yoshiko; Imai, Yasutomo; Shima, Masayuki; Okuno, Toshiomi

doi:10.1016/j.jim.2012.01.003

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the present study, VZV‐specific CMI in response to a live attenuated HZ vaccine in individuals was assessed by an IFN‐γ ELISA. The preliminary results showed that IFN‐γ production declined as the time interval from blood samples collected to the assay increased, which is consistent with previous reports . In the validation study, VZV‐specific CMI responses measured by this IFN‐γ ELISA were increased in all HZ vaccine recipients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The commercially available QuantiFERON Gold In‐Tube (Cellestis, Victoria, Australia) and QuantiFERON‐CMV kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) are based on the IFN‐γ ELISA assay, which are used to quantify IFN‐γ released into the blood plasma after incubation of whole blood with a specific antigen. IFN‐γ production resulting from antigen stimulation of specific T cells in blood indicates a CMI response . Because this assay directly measures the level of IFN‐γ after stimulation with a specific antigen by using whole blood, it is extremely simple, sensitive, and specific compared with other assays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IFN-γ production resulting from antigen stimulation of specific T cells in blood indicates a CMI response. 25,[30][31][32] Because this assay directly measures the level of IFN-γ after stimulation with a specific antigen by using whole blood, it is extremely simple, sensitive, and specific compared with other assays. Therefore, this assay can be applied to easily monitor VZV-specific CMI responses in the screening of high-risk populations and evaluating the immune effects of the HZ vaccine.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Varicella‐zoster virus‐specific cell‐mediated immunity by interferon‐γ Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay in adults ≥50 years of age administered a herpes zoster vaccine

Yang

Chen

Zhang³

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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Varicella‐zoster virus (VZV)‐specific cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) is critical for preventing and controlling the onset of herpes zoster (HZ). To assess VZV CMI, an interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was validated by examining the influence of VZV‐specific antigen content, incubation time, and interval from whole blood collection on the assay. In phase II clinical trial, VZV‐specific CMI in adults ≥50 years of age administered an HZ vaccine were evaluated by IFN‐γ ELISA, as determined by measuring IFN‐γ production in the whole blood in response to stimulation with ultraviolet light‐inactivated VZV. The VZV‐specific IFN‐γ levels varied among individuals from prevaccination (baseline) to 6 weeks postvaccination. In most subjects, VZV‐specific CMI was increased at 6 weeks postvaccination. The HZ vaccine elicited a significant increase in the VZV‐specific CMI response as measured by ELISA; the geometric mean fold‐rises from baseline to 6 weeks postvaccination were 3.50, 4.22, and 5.24 in the 4.3, 4.7, and 4.9 log plaque‐forming unit vaccine groups, respectively, which was significantly higher than in the placebo group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that vaccination enhances the VZV‐specific CMI responses in subjects; IFN‐γ ELISA is an effective method for evaluating the CMI response and may be useful for identifying individuals at a high risk of HZ infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Varicella‐zoster virus‐specific cell‐mediated immunity by interferon‐γ Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay in adults ≥50 years of age administered a herpes zoster vaccine

Yang

Chen

Zhang³

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…The accumulation of CD4 ϩ T cells and CD4 ϩ regulatory T cells at the site of VZV antigen challenge in the skin has recently been described (26). VZV-specific CMI assays have also determined the IFN-␥ protein production of immune cells, i.e., the VZV responder cell frequency by enzyme-linked immunospot assays, flow cytometry (7,27), or IFN-␥ ELISA of supernatants of ex vivo-stimulated lymphocytes (28). The qRT-PCR assay allows highly sensitive testing of the mRNA expression of selected genes of importance in humans (29) and animals (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Level Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Guinea Pigs Immunized Intradermally with a Heat-Inactivated Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine

Sarkadi

Jankovics

Fodor

et al. 2015

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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V aricella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella by primary infection and herpes zoster by reactivation of the latent virus in the sensory ganglia of infected individuals. After primary infection, the immune response comprises VZV-specific antibody and T cell-mediated immunity (CMI), which are important for recovery from varicella. T cell responses are necessary to control latent VZV in the sensory ganglia. A lack or a declining level of CMI to VZV has been associated with a higher risk of development of herpes zoster (1).A varicella vaccine consisting of live, attenuated strain OKA (vOKA) has been developed in Japan and licensed for mass vaccination in Japan, South Korea, the United States, and several European countries or recommended for only selected groups of the population in other countries (2, 3). To prevent herpes zoster, a zoster vaccine containing 14 times as many PFU of vOKA than the varicella vaccine was developed and licensed for the vaccination of immunocompetent subjects older than 60 years in the United States in 2006 (4). Varicella and zoster vaccines are administered by the subcutaneous (s.c.) route. However, vaccination of immunocompromised individuals with live VZV vaccines can be problematic and different strategies for safe immunization need to be explored (5).Several clinical studies have indicated that the use of a heatinactivated VZV vaccine is an alternative mode of immunization of immunocompromised individuals. Triple vaccination of bone marrow transplant patients with a heat-inactivated varicella vaccine administered s.c. decreased the severity of herpes zoster (6) and four s.c. doses of a heat-inactivated zoster vaccine proved safe and immunogenic in patients with tumor malignancy, HIV-infected individuals, or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (7). When healthy elderly subjects were immunized s.c. with a single dose of either live or heat-inactivated varicella vaccine, there were no differences in antibody responses or IFN-␥ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (8). These data indicated that a heat-inactivated VZV vaccine might be useful in preventing herpes zoster. However, protection against herpes zoster following immunization with either a live or heat-inactivated vaccine is not optimal and a more potent antigenic stimulus is needed to improve the efficacy of the vaccine in high-risk patients (9).The skin is a highly immunogenic organ (10). Noninvasive, needle-free liquid jet injection of liquid or powder into the skin has been used in clinical trials for immunization against viral infections (11-13). The barrier structure and thickness of the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, are similar in guinea pigs and humans (18.6 and 18.2 m, respectively) (14), and thus, the i.d. route of immunization and the effectiveness of a potential i.d. delivery device for humans can be tested in guinea pigs. Moreover, the parental OKA strain is attenuated in human

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“…Previous studies detailing VZV‐specific T‐cell responses in clinical specimens have used VZV‐infected and peptide pulsed non‐professional antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), like fibroblasts, or professional APCs pulsed with VZV protein lysates. This resulted in the preferential selection of HLA class II restricted presentation of intra‐cellular processed viral peptides [Asanuma et al, 2000; Arvin, 2001; Arvin et al, 2002; Vossen et al, 2004; Klein et al, 2006; De Castro et al, 2011; Otani et al, 2012; Weinberg et al, 2012].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic varicella zoster virus reactive effector memory T‐cells impaired in the elderly and in kidney transplant recipients

Besouw

Verjans

Zuijderwijk

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Virology

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Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections cause varicella and subsequently herpes zoster upon reactivation. Immune-compromised individuals and the elderly are at high risk of developing herpes zoster due to waning of VZV-specific T-cell immunity. In the present study, a novel functional T-cell assay was developed to test the correlation between age and VZV-specific T-cell responses in peripheral blood from healthy individuals. Secondly, VZV-specific T-cell responses from renal transplant recipients were compared with healthy individuals. Monocytes were differentiated into mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and were infected with VZV. T-cells were co-cultured with autologous moDCs infected with VZV and subjected to flowcytometric analysis to identify the phenotype (i.e., naïve [NA: CCR7(+) CD45RO(-) ], central [CM: CCR7(+) CD45RO(+) ] and effector memory [EM: CCR7(-) CD45RO(+) ] T-cells) and the frequency of VZV-reactive T-cell subsets by intra-cellular IFN-γ flowcytometry. In contrast to NA and CM T-cells, the frequency of VZV-reactive CD4 and CD8 EM T-cells was inversely correlated with age (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.01). No difference was found in the percentage of VZV-reactive CD4 NA, CM and EM T-cells between transplant recipients and controls. However, the percentage of VZV-reactive CD8 EM T-cells was significantly lower in transplant recipients compared to controls (P = 0.02). In conclusion, moDCs infected with VZV are efficient antigen presenting cells applicable to enumerate and characterize the phenotype and differentiation status of the systemic VZV-specific T-cell response ex-vivo. The data suggest that VZV-reactive EM T-cells are impaired in the elderly and renal transplant recipients.

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Varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immunity in subjects with herpes zoster

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of Varicella‐zoster virus‐specific cell‐mediated immunity by interferon‐γ Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay in adults ≥50 years of age administered a herpes zoster vaccine

Evaluation of Varicella‐zoster virus‐specific cell‐mediated immunity by interferon‐γ Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay in adults ≥50 years of age administered a herpes zoster vaccine

High-Level Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Guinea Pigs Immunized Intradermally with a Heat-Inactivated Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine

Systemic varicella zoster virus reactive effector memory T‐cells impaired in the elderly and in kidney transplant recipients

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