Varicella-Zoster Virus Reactivation amid the COVID-19 pandemic- Do we need to be vigilant? A mini review

Siddiqui, Mishal Shan; Hasnain, Nimra

doi:10.23950/jcmk/9267

J CLIN MED KAZ

2020

DOI: 10.23950/jcmk/9267

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Varicella-Zoster Virus Reactivation amid the COVID-19 pandemic- Do we need to be vigilant? A mini review

Mishal Shan Siddiqui

Nimra Hasnain

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Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

(42 reference statements)

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L‐lysine: Its antagonism with L‐arginine in controlling viral infection. Narrative literature review

Pedrazini

Silva²,

Groppo

2022

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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Knowledge about viral characteristics, mechanisms of entry into the host cell and multiplication/dissemination can help in the control and treatment of viral pathologies. Several nutritional factors linked to the host may favour viral multiplication and their control, may lead to new prophylactic alternatives and/or antiviral therapies.The objective of this review is to discuss the relationship between the amino acid Llysine and the control of viral infections, aiming at a possible therapeutic property.This research used databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scielo, Medline and Google Scholar, as well as searching for references cited by journals. The time frame covered the period between 1964 and January 2022. The observed studies have shown that the usual antiviral therapies are not able to interfere with the viruses in their latent state; however, they can interfere with the adhesion and fusion of viral particles or the production of proteins, which play an important role in viral epidemiology and control, particularly in the initial moment and in reactivation. Lysine is an amino acid that can interfere mainly in the formation of capsid proteins and DNA by a competitive antagonism with amino acid arginine, which is an essential amino acid for some viruses, and also by promoting the increase of arginase, increasing the catabolism of arginine. Although there is evidence of the importance of L-lysine in viral control, more studies are needed, with a view to new antiviral therapies.

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L‐lysine: Its antagonism with L‐arginine in controlling viral infection. Narrative literature review

Pedrazini

Silva²,

Groppo

2022

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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Varicella‐zoster and herpes simplex virus reactivation post‐COVID‐19 vaccination: a review of 40 cases in an International Dermatology Registry

Fathy

McMahon

Lee

et al. 2021

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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High Serum S100A12 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Severity, Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Superinfection and Herpes Simplex Virus Reactivation in COVID-19

Mester,

Keller,

Kunst

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Neutrophils are critical immune cells in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) is highly expressed in neutrophils during acute inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum S100A12 levels as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in COVID-19. Serum samples of patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 were collected during 2020 to 2024. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum S100A12 levels in 63 patients with moderate COVID-19, 60 patients with severe disease and 33 healthy controls. Serum S100A12 levels were elevated in moderate COVID-19 compared to controls and were even higher in severe cases. In moderate disease, serum S100A12 levels positively correlated with immune cell counts. While C-reactive protein and procalcitonin are established inflammation markers, they did not correlate with serum S100A12 levels in either patient cohort. Patients with severe COVID-19 and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) infection had increased S100A12 levels. Elevated S100A12 levels were also observed in patients with herpes simplex reactivation. Fungal superinfections did not alter S100A12 levels. These data show that serum S100A12 increases in moderate and severe COVID-19 and is further elevated by VRE bloodstream infection and herpes simplex reactivation. Therefore, S100A12 may serve as a novel biomarker for severe COVID-19 and an early diagnostic indicator for bacterial and viral infections.

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Varicella-Zoster Virus Reactivation amid the COVID-19 pandemic- Do we need to be vigilant? A mini review

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

L‐lysine: Its antagonism with L‐arginine in controlling viral infection. Narrative literature review

L‐lysine: Its antagonism with L‐arginine in controlling viral infection. Narrative literature review

Varicella‐zoster and herpes simplex virus reactivation post‐COVID‐19 vaccination: a review of 40 cases in an International Dermatology Registry

High Serum S100A12 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Severity, Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Superinfection and Herpes Simplex Virus Reactivation in COVID-19

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