Varicella zoster virus reactivation after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in Japanese patients: A series of 14 cases

Ibuchi, Yoshiaki; Tamayose, Fumiko; Katayama, Hiroki; Saeki, Hidehisa; Osada, Shin‐Ichi

doi:10.1111/1346-8138.16287

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Because of the persistence of local pain and elevated liver enzymes, she refused the second dose of vaccine. Ibuchiet al 47 recently reported a series of 14 patients with VZV reactivation after BNT162b2 vaccination. The majority of them where female, who developed herpes zoster (HZ) after the first dose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination‐induced cutaneous vasculitis: Report of two new cases and literature review

Abdelmaksoud

Wollina

Temiz

et al. 2022

Dermatologic Therapy

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Currently the most powerful tool in combating the COVID‐19 pandemic is vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2. A growing percentage of the world's population is being vaccinated. Various vaccines are worldwide on the market. Several adverse reactions have been reported as a part of post‐marketing surveillance of COVID‐19 vaccines. Among the possible adverse events, cutaneous vasculitis has occasionally been reported. We present a narrative review on cutaneous vasculitis related to COVID‐19‐vaccination to summarize clinical findings, histopathology, treatment and outcome. We searched for “COVID vaccine”, “COVID vaccination” AND “cutaneous vasculitis” in PUBMED. Articles in English have been selected, from inception to December 2021, and analyzed for patient's characteristics, type of vaccine, time of appearance of cutaneous vasculitis and clinico‐histopathologic type. Treatment and outcome have also been considered in this narrative review. Two new unpublished cases of ours were added. Cutaneous vasculitis is a rare adverse event to COVID‐19 vaccination. It has been observed with mRNA and adenovirus‐vector vaccines. IgA vasculitis, lymphocytic and ANCA‐associated vasculitis, leukocytoclastic and urticarial vasculitis have been reported. This adverse event can occur after first or second shot. Most cases run a mild to moderate course. Cornerstone of medical treatment are systemic corticosteroids. Complete remission could be achieved in most patients. Vasculitis may not be considered as a contraindication of vaccination, being uncommonly reported and shows a favorable prognosis. The benefit of the vaccination remains high especially for immunocompromised patients. COVID‐vaccine induced vasculitis is important in the differential diagnosis of purpuric and vasculitis disorders.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ibuchiet al 47 recently reported a series of 14 patients with VZV reactivation after BNT162b2 vaccination. The majority of them where female, who developed herpes zoster (HZ) after the first dose.…”

Section: Leukocytoclastic Vasculitismentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination‐induced cutaneous vasculitis: Report of two new cases and literature review

Abdelmaksoud

Wollina

Temiz

et al. 2022

Dermatologic Therapy

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“…Reactivation of the VZV following COVID‐19 vaccination has been reported in several regions, including China, 32–34 the United States, 35,36 Italy, 37,38 Japan, 39,40 and India 41,42 . Almost all similar studies have documented mRNA or adenovirus vector vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, co-infection and secondary infection with VZV should be considered in COVID-19 patients with abnormal clinical manifestations. 31 Reactivation of the VZV following COVID-19 vaccination has been reported in several regions, including China, [32][33][34] the United States, 35,36 Italy, 37,38 Japan, 39,40 and India. 41,42 Almost all similar studies have documented mRNA or adenovirus vector vaccines.…”

Section: Descriptive Feature Analysis Of the Feature Of Hz Occurrence...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of herpes zoster occurrence/recurrence after COVID‐19 infection and vaccination

Wang,

Gao,

Wagner

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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To inform surveillance, prevention, and management strategies for the varicella zoster virus (VZV) during the COVID‐19 pandemic, this study aimed to evaluate the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) occurrence/recurrence following COVID‐19 infection and vaccination. A comprehensive search across seven databases was conducted up to January 31, 2024, to identify studies relevant to the occurrence of HZ following COVID‐19 infection and vaccination. The meta‐analysis included five studies on postinfection HZ and 13 studies on postvaccination HZ. Patients infected with COVID‐19 had a 2.16‐fold increased risk of HZ (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–3.76) than uninfected individuals. However, there was no significant association between COVID‐19 vaccination and the risk of HZ compared to controls, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.08 (95% CI: 0.84–1.39). Furthermore, a descriptive analysis of 74 postinfection and 153 postvaccination HZ studies found no significant differences on gender or age (<50 and ≥50 years) following COVID‐19 infection. Notably, 44.0% of the HZ cases postinfection appeared within the first week, with 69.5% resolving within 10 days, predominantly presenting as skin lesions. In the postvaccination group, the majority (60.1%) developed HZ after the first dose and 66.7% occurred within 1 week. Moreover, 44.6% resolved within 10 days and 50.0% within a month, primarily exhibiting skin lesions and postherpetic neuralgia. The study found that COVID‐19 infection increases the risk of HZ, but the COVID‐19 vaccine does not. Further study is needed to explore the association between COVID‐19 and HZ.

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“…Much of the literature discloses infective herpetic reactivations in the course of COVID-19 [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]; surprisingly, they have also been reported after COVID-19 vaccination, based on nucleoside-modified messenger RNAs (modRNAs) and adenoviral vectors [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. In addition, HHV5, alias Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and HHV8, alias Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus, are two notorious oncoviruses.…”

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confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Induced Herpes Virus Reactivations and Related Implications in Oncohematology: When Lymphocytopenia Sets in and Immunosurveillance Drops Out

Roncati,

Sweidan,

Tchawa

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Varicella zoster virus reactivation after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in Japanese patients: A series of 14 cases

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination‐induced cutaneous vasculitis: Report of two new cases and literature review

SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination‐induced cutaneous vasculitis: Report of two new cases and literature review

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of herpes zoster occurrence/recurrence after COVID‐19 infection and vaccination

SARS-CoV-2 Induced Herpes Virus Reactivations and Related Implications in Oncohematology: When Lymphocytopenia Sets in and Immunosurveillance Drops Out

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