Varicella-Like Illness Caused by Live Varicella Vaccine in Children With Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Brunell, Philip A.; Geiser, Clementina F.; Novelli, Valerio M.; Lipton, Susan; Narkewicz, Sarah

doi:10.1542/peds.79.6.922

Cited by 48 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…27 Oka strain has not been demonstrated to revert to wild-type VZV. 17,24 Similarly, in immunocompromised contacts of vaccinated persons, if the virus is transmitted, illness is unlikely to be severe unless the patient is severely immunocompromised. 37 Nonetheless, persons with immunocompromising conditions, regardless of degree of immunosuppression, should avoid contact with vaccine recipients who develop postvaccination rash.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several publications described case reports or observational studies of transmission of vOka after vaccination of immunocompromised children. 17,19,[23][24][25] In these studies, authors attributed disease or seroconversion without rash among unvaccinated siblings to vOka, although laboratory confirmation of vOka causing the rash was not always obtained (or could not be obtained in cases of seroconversion). Exposures to varicella or HZ were closely monitored, and if no other known exposures were reported, rash in the vaccinated sibling was considered the likely source for the rash or seroconversion in the contacts.…”

Section: Voka Transmission From Immunocompromised Varicella Vaccine R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 Similar experiences were reported by a case report and 2 smaller studies (Supplemental Table 4). [23][24][25]…”

Section: Voka Transmission From Immunocompromised Varicella Vaccine R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission of Vaccine-Strain Varicella-Zoster Virus: A Systematic Review

2019

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CONTEXT: Live vaccines usually provide robust immunity but can transmit the vaccine virus. OBJECTIVE: To assess the characteristics of secondary transmission of the vaccine-strain varicella-zoster virus (Oka strain; vOka) on the basis of the published experience with use of live varicella and zoster vaccines. DATA SOURCES: Systematic review of Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus databases for articles published through 2018. STUDY SELECTION: Articles that reported original data on vOka transmission from persons who received vaccines containing the live attenuated varicella-zoster virus. DATA EXTRACTION: We abstracted data to describe vOka transmission by index patient’s immune status, type (varicella or herpes zoster) and severity of illness, and whether transmission was laboratory confirmed. RESULTS: Twenty articles were included. We identified 13 patients with vOka varicella after transmission from 11 immunocompetent varicella vaccine recipients. In all instances, the vaccine recipient had a rash: 6 varicella-like and 5 herpes zoster. Transmission occurred mostly to household contacts. One additional case was not considered direct transmission from a vaccine recipient, but the mechanism was uncertain. Transmission from vaccinated immunocompromised children also occurred only if the vaccine recipient developed a rash postvaccination. Secondary cases of varicella caused by vOka were mild. LIMITATIONS: It is likely that other vOka transmission cases remain unpublished. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy, vaccinated persons have minimal risk for transmitting vOka to contacts and only if a rash is present. Our findings support the existing recommendations for routine varicella vaccination and the guidance that persons with vaccine-related rash avoid contact with susceptible persons at high risk for severe varicella complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Voka Transmission From Immunocompromised Varicella Vaccine R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission of Vaccine-Strain Varicella-Zoster Virus: A Systematic Review

2019

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Synthesis and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐sulfonamide and certain related nucleosides

Hanna¹,

Dimitrijevich²,

Larson³

et al. 1988

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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1‐β‐D‐Ribofuranosyl‐ 21, 1‐(2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐erytftro‐pentofuranosyl)‐ 27 and 1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyl‐ 29 derivatives of 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐sulfonamide (19) have been prepared. Glycosylation of the silylated 19 with 1,2,3,5‐tetra‐0‐acetyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranose (5) in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate gave the corresponding blocked nucleoside (20), which on ammonolysis afforded 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐sulfonamide (21). Stereospecific glycosylation of the sodium salt of 19 with either 1‐chloro‐2‐deoxy‐3,5‐di‐O‐p‐toluoyl‐α‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranose (22) or 1‐chloro‐2,3,5‐tri‐0‐benzyl‐α‐D‐arabinofuranose (23) provided the corresponding protected nucleosides 26 and 28. Deprotection of 26 and 28 furnished 1‐(2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranosyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐sulfonamide (27) and 1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐sulfonamide (29), respectively. 2‐0‐D‐Ribofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3(4H)‐thione (7) and 4‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3(2H)‐thione (9) were also prepared utilizing either an acid catalyzed fusion of 1,2,4‐triazole‐3(1H,2H)‐thione (4) with 5, the reaction of 5 with silylated 4 in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate, or by ring closure of 4‐(2,3,5‐tri‐0‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)thiosemicarbazide (10) with mixed anhydride and subsequent deacylation. The synthesis of 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐3‐benzylthio‐1,2,4‐triazole (15) has also been accomplished by the silylation procedure employing 3‐benzylthio‐1,2,4‐triazole (13) and 5 to give 1‐(2,3,5‐tri‐0‐acetyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐3‐benzylthio‐1,2,4‐triazole (14). Deacetylation of 14 furnished 15. The structural assignments of 7, 14 and 21 were made by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and their hydrogen bonding characteristics have been studied. The sulfonamido‐1,2,4‐triazole nucleosides are devoid of any significant antiviral or antitumor activity in cell culture.

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Critical Airway Obstruction in Children

Todres¹

1992

Care of the Critically Ill Patient

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Varicella-Like Illness Caused by Live Varicella Vaccine in Children With Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Transmission of Vaccine-Strain Varicella-Zoster Virus: A Systematic Review

Transmission of Vaccine-Strain Varicella-Zoster Virus: A Systematic Review

Synthesis and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐sulfonamide and certain related nucleosides

Critical Airway Obstruction in Children

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