Variations on a theme: Changes in the floral ABCs in angiosperms

Rijpkema, Anneke S.; Vandenbussche, Michiel; Koes, Ronald; Heijmans, Klaas; Geräts, Tom

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.11.002

Cited by 103 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Each of these gene classes is involved in the combinatorial determination of the identity of different floral organs: A and E genes specify sepals (Ditta et al, 2004); genes A, B and E determine petals; the combination of genes B, C and E specify stamens (male reproductive organs); genes C and E determine carpels (female reproductive organs); and genes D and E determine ovules (reviewed in : Theißen, 2001; Krizek and Fletcher, 2005;Theißen and Melzer, 2007). The conservation of this system across major plant groups indicates that floral homeotic genes constitute an ancient regulatory network for most angiosperms (reviewed in: Rijpkema et al, 2010;Litt and Kramer, 2010). As the different functional classes of MADS-box genes are members of distinct clades (reviewed in: Becker and Theißen, 2003), studying the expression and function of the genes in the comparative context of their phylogeny has been important for testing hypotheses on the evolution of flower morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved differential expression of paralogous DEFICIENS‐ and GLOBOSA‐like MADS‐box genes in the flowers of Orchidaceae: refining the ‘orchid code’

2011

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SUMMARYIn flowering plants, class-B floral homeotic genes encode MADS-domain transcription factors, which are key in the specification of petal and stamen identity, and have two ancient clades: DEF-like and GLO-like genes. Many species have one gene of each clade, but orchids have typically four DEF-like genes, representing ancient gene clades 1, 2, 3 and 4. We tested the 'orchid code', a combinatorial genetic model suggesting that differences between the organs of the orchid perianth (outer tepals, inner lateral tepals and labellum) are generated by the combinatorial differential expression of four DEF-like genes. Our experimental test involves highly sensitive and specific measurements, with qRT-PCR of the expression of DEF-and GLO-like genes from the distantly related Vanilla planifolia and Phragmipedium longifolium, as well as from wild-type and peloric Phalaenopsis hybrid flowers. Our findings support the first 'orchid code' hypothesis, in that absence of clade-3 and -4 gene expression distinguishes the outer tepals from the inner tepals. In contrast to the original hypothesis, however, mRNA of both clade-3 and -4 genes accumulates in wild-type inner lateral tepals and the labellum, and in labellum-like inner lateral tepals of peloric flowers, albeit in different quantities. Our data suggest a revised hypothesis where high levels of clade-1 and -2, and low levels of clade-3 and -4, gene expression specify inner lateral tepals, whereas labellum development requires low levels of clade-1 and -2 expression and high levels of clade-3 and -4 expression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved differential expression of paralogous DEFICIENS‐ and GLOBOSA‐like MADS‐box genes in the flowers of Orchidaceae: refining the ‘orchid code’

2011

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“…Probably one of the best known examples of the bottom-up approach is related to the specification of floral organ identities by MADS box transcription factor genes according to the ABC-model (Litt and Kramer 2010;Rijpkema et al 2010;Ferrario et al 2004). Floral organs in higher eudicots are organized in four concentric whorls, with sepals in the outer whorl, petals in whorl two, stamens in whorl three and carpels in the inner fourth whorl.…”

Section: Bottom-up "Gene-by-gene" Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of vegetative propagation in bulbs : a molecular approach

Moreno-Pachon

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“…Probably one of the best known examples of the bottom-up approach is related to the specification of floral organ identities by MADS box transcription factor genes according to the ABC-model (Ferrario et al, 2004;Litt and Kramer, 2010;Rijpkema et al, 2010). Floral organs in higher eudicots are organized in four concentric whorls, with sepals in the outer whorl, petals in whorl two, stamens in whorl three and carpels in the inner fourth whorl.…”

Section: Bottom-up 'Gene-by-gene' Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hot, the cold and the tulip : the regulation of flowering time and dormancy release

Leeggangers

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Variations on a theme: Changes in the floral ABCs in angiosperms

Cited by 103 publications

References 108 publications

Conserved differential expression of paralogous DEFICIENS‐ and GLOBOSA‐like MADS‐box genes in the flowers of Orchidaceae: refining the ‘orchid code’

Conserved differential expression of paralogous DEFICIENS‐ and GLOBOSA‐like MADS‐box genes in the flowers of Orchidaceae: refining the ‘orchid code’

Mechanisms of vegetative propagation in bulbs : a molecular approach

The hot, the cold and the tulip : the regulation of flowering time and dormancy release

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