Variations of the testicular artery and vein: A meta‐analysis with proposed classification

Nallikuzhy, Tom; Rajasekhar, S. S. S. N.; Malik, Sabin; Tamgire, Dharmaraj; Johnson, Phoebe; Aravindhan, K

doi:10.1002/ca.23204

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Triplication of the right gonadal vein has not been reported yet to the best of our knowledge. The variations of the gonadal veins are more common on the left side as reported by the previous studies [ 9 ]. Yang et al., (2008) have reported the triplication of the left testicular vein where, all the three veins were opening into the left renal vein.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Triple right testicular veins and their variant termination and communications

Nayak

Soumya

2020

Heliyon

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Testicular veins are known to show many variations in their origin, course and termination. Some of their variations can lead to male sterility. We report a unique variation of right testicular vein here. Pampiniform plexus reduced to three testicular veins (medial, middle and lateral) at the deep inguinal ring on the right side. The medial vein terminated into the right renal vein, the middle vein terminated into the inferior vena cava above the level of right renal vein (close to the suprarenal gland) and the lateral vein terminated partly into the veins in the capsules of the kidney and partly into the veins under the diaphragm. The medial and middle testicular veins were connected through an oblique communicating vein. The middle and lateral testicular veins were also connected to each other through another oblique communicating vein. Knowledge of this case could be useful to radiologists, nephrologists and surgeons in general.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Triple right testicular veins and their variant termination and communications

Nayak

Soumya

2020

Heliyon

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“…). In cases of small anatomical variations of veins that might be overlooked during routine dissection of fresh‐frozen cadavers, air dissection could highlight these as seen in the current study (Hoffman et al, ; Clipet et al, ; Nallikuzhy et al, ; Stefura et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Breathing Life into the Cadaver: Introducing Air Dissection As a New Teaching and Dissecting Method for the Venous System

2019

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Air insufflation has been used for various surgical procedures such as during laparoscopy. We hypothesized that the use of pressurized air might enable cadaveric dissection to differentiate smaller veins better than traditional dissection techniques. In three fresh-frozen cadavers, the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right or left femoral veins were exposed just distal to the inguinal ligament and a needle placed into one of them. Pressurized air was then placed into the cannulated femoral vein using an air compressor. In all specimens, the IVC and most of its tributaries, both left and right sides, were clearly insufflated. When the IVC was traced superiorly by resecting the diaphragm through the caval foramen, the right atrium and ventricle were also found to be dilated. Additionally, venous variants that would have not been obvious without dilatation of the IVC were identified. Air dissection of the venous system in fresh-frozen cadavers aids in anatomical dissection. Such a model might also serve as a surgical training model and teaching tool as it better mimics life-like anatomy and physiology. We term this technique "cadaveric air dissection." Clin.

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“…However, the number of TA at such high level as 3-4 cm proximal to the internal inguinal ring has not been intensively studied. It was reported that double originated TAs were observed in 2.14% of the cases on the left, while 1.54% on the right (Nallikuzhy et al, 2018). This implies that in these cases, at least 2 arteries will be identified at the high ligation level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic artery‐sparing varicocelectomy using indocyanine green fluorescence angiography: Initial experience

Teng

Jia

et al. 2020

Andrologia

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We reported our initial experience of robotic‐assisted laparoscopic artery‐sparing varicocelectomy using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography in treatment of varicocele. A total of 45 varicocelectomies in 27 patients were performed. The mean operation time was 49.1 ± 8.5 min for unilateral and 65.6 ± 8.3 min for bilateral repair. 47.2 s after ICG injection, testicular artery (TA) was visualised. After an interval of 31.3 s, fluorescent veins were identified. Of all the 45 spermatic cords, 68.9% had a solitary artery, while 31.1% had 2 arteries. The mean hospital stay was 1.6 ± 0.9 days. Semen concentration and motility were significantly improved 6 months after surgery, no recurrence, hydrocele or testicular atrophy was observed. Our study demonstrated that robotic‐assisted laparoscopic artery‐sparing varicocelectomy using ICG fluorescence angiography is a safe, effective and promising technique in treatment of varicocele.

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Variations of the testicular artery and vein: A meta‐analysis with proposed classification

Cited by 17 publications

References 84 publications

Triple right testicular veins and their variant termination and communications

Triple right testicular veins and their variant termination and communications

Breathing Life into the Cadaver: Introducing Air Dissection As a New Teaching and Dissecting Method for the Venous System

Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic artery‐sparing varicocelectomy using indocyanine green fluorescence angiography: Initial experience

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