Variations of the flexor digitorum superficialis of the small finger

Austin, Gregory; Leslie, Bruce M.; Ruby, Leonard K.

doi:10.1016/0363-5023(89)90018-x

Cited by 78 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…1,2 Anatomic studies have revealed variations ranging from anomalous muscle bellies, to connections between musculotendinous units, to complete absence of the small finger FDS, with the latter having a reported incidence ranging from 0% to 20%. 1,[3][4][5][6] The clinical significance of these anatomic variations may include atypical findings on physical examination as well as altered use patterns in the injured state. Baker 7 pointed out that although isolated loss of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) function in most fingers produces little impairment due to FDS compensation, a similar injury in the small finger, where the FDS may be deficient, could lead to functional impairment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Variations of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis As Determined by an Expanded Clinical Examination

Tan

Louis

2009

The Journal of Hand Surgery

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confidence: 97%

Variations of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis As Determined by an Expanded Clinical Examination

Tan

Louis

2009

The Journal of Hand Surgery

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“…Variations in the portion of the FDS to the index (second) finger (FDS-II), in particular, have been repeatedly reported in clinical cases because they are observed under the skin and are often painful (Elliot et al, 1999). Clinical (Austin et al, 1989) and anatomical (Gonzalez et al, 1997) studies have also revealed variations of the portion of the FDS to the little finger (FDS-V) where the muscle belly is fused with that of the belly to the ring (fourth) finger or lacks a tendon. Absence of the FDS-V tendon was reported in around 2% of Japanese cadavers (Ohtani, 1979).…”

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confidence: 97%

Anomalous flexor of the little finger

et al. 2002

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We report an anomalous palmar muscle belly of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (FDS) in the right hand of an 80-year-old female cadaver. The muscle originated from the center of the volar surface of the flexor retinaculum and inserted onto the palmar aspect of the base of the middle phalanx of the little finger. Its tendon of insertion divided into two bands, a pattern typical of the FDS tendon, between which the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus muscle to the little finger passed. The tendon of the usual antebrachial FDS to the little finger was absent. The anomalous muscle belly was innervated by a branch from the median nerve.

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“…In addition, the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons to the middle, ring, and little fingers typically are interconnected as they arise from the muscle belly and may also be interconnected within the palm by the bellies of the interosseous muscles that take origin from two adjacent FDP tendons (Fahrer, 1981). Furthermore, 20 -30% of normal subjects may have "anomalous" interconnections, such as a tendinous band between flexor pollicis longus and the index finger portion of FDP (Linburg and Comstock, 1979;Austin et al, 1989;Gonzalez et al, 1997).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Finger Independencementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Independence of Human Finger Movements: Comparisons of Digits, Hands, and Movement Frequencies

2000

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To determine whether other digits move when normal humans attempt to move just one digit, we asked 10 right-handed subjects to move one finger at a time while we recorded the motion of all five digits simultaneously with both a video motion analysis system and an instrumented glove. We quantified the independence of the digits to compare (1) the different digits, (2) the right versus the left hand, and (3) movements at a self-paced frequency versus externally paced movements at 3 Hz. We also quantified the degree to which motion occurred at the proximal, middle, or distal joint of each digit. Even when asked to move just one finger, normal human subjects produced motion in other digits. Movements of the thumb, index finger, and little finger typically were more highly individuated than were movements of the middle or ring fingers. Fingers of the dominant hand were not more independent than were those of the nondominant hand. Self-paced movements made at ϳ2 Hz were more highly individuated than were externally paced movements at 3 Hz. Angular motion tended to be greatest at the middle joint of each digit, with increased angular motion at the proximal and distal joints during 3 Hz movements. Simultaneous motion of noninstructed digits may result in part from passive mechanical connections between the digits, in part from the organization of multitendoned finger muscles, and in part from distributed neural control of the hand.

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Variations of the flexor digitorum superficialis of the small finger

Cited by 78 publications

References 4 publications

Variations of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis As Determined by an Expanded Clinical Examination

Variations of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis As Determined by an Expanded Clinical Examination

Anomalous flexor of the little finger

Quantifying the Independence of Human Finger Movements: Comparisons of Digits, Hands, and Movement Frequencies

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