Variations of the climatological growing season (1951–2000) in Germany compared with other countries

Menzel, Annette; Jakobi, Gert; Ahas, Rein; Scheifinger, Helfried; Estrella, Nicole

doi:10.1002/joc.915

Cited by 168 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The u* threshold for determining the low turbulence fluxes was calculated following Reichstein et al (2005) for two layer fluxes based on u*, CO 2 fluxes, and T a . Following Menzel et al (2003), we determined the start and the end of growing-season based on daily T a . Negative CO 2 fluxes at nighttime (when the solar elevation angle was lower than 0 • ) and at non-growing season were then also removed.…”

Section: Data Preparingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal variations of T/ET (the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration) in three forests of Eastern China

Zhu

et al. 2015

Ecological Indicators

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The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) Forest a b s t r a c t Evapotranspiration (ET), which is comprised by evaporation from soil surface (E), transpiration (T) and evaporation from the intercepted water by canopy (EI), plays an important role in maintaining global energy balance and regulating climate. Quantifying the spatiotemporal variations of T/ET (the ratio of T to ET) can improve our understandings on the role of vegetation ecophysiological processes in climate regulation. Using eddy covariance measurements at three forest ecosystems (Changbaishan temperate broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest (CBS), Qianyanzhou subtropical coniferous plantation (QYZ) and Dinghushan subtropical evergreen mixed forest (DHS)) in north-south transect of Eastern China (NSTEC), we run the revised Shuttleworth-Wallace model (S-W model), validated its performance with the water vapor fluxes measured at two layers, and quantified the spatiotemporal variations of T/ET. The S-W model performed well in simulating ET and T/ET. The mean value of annual T/ET at three forests during the observation period all exceeded 0.6. The diurnal variation of canopy stomal conductance (G c ) dominated that of T/ET. The seasonal dynamics of T/ET was mainly shaped by that of leaf area index (LAI), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and air temperature (T a ) through altering G c and the portion that the energy absorbed by canopy (P EC ) at temperate forest (CBS), while the seasonal dynamics of T/ET at subtropical forests (QYZ and DHS) were mainly affected by T a , net radiation, VPD, and soil water content through altering G c and soil surface conductance (G s ). The variation of mean annual G c governed the interannual varaition and spatial variation of T/ET. Therefore, forests in Eastern China played an important role in regulating climate through T and G c primarily affected the spatial and temproal variations of the role of forest T in regulating climate.

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Section: Data Preparingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal variations of T/ET (the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration) in three forests of Eastern China

Zhu

et al. 2015

Ecological Indicators

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“…Menzel et al (2003) analysed 41 stations in Germany in the period 1951-2000, where the GS was defined by single-value thresholds of daily minimum and mean air temperatures, and during the 50-year period they found a lengthening of the GS by 5.5 to 24.5 days 41 depending on the index used. Similar to China, they found the greatest change in the frost-free period, and related that to a stronger increase in daily minimum rather than maximum temperatures.…”

Section: Gs Changes In China 1951-2007mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This focus on the GS start in phenological studies is due to (1) the largest changes having been noticed in spring and (2) the relatively large uncertainty in timing the end of the GS. The reported increases in GS length (GSL) are in a range of 1-3 weeks in the last few decades (Skaggs and Baker, 1985;Carter, 1998;Hasenauer et al, 1999;Robeson, 2002;Schwartz and Chen, 2002;Menzel et al, 2003;Linderholm et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of the thermal growing season in China, 1951–2007

Song

Linderholm

Chen

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Observed 20th century changes in the length of the growing season (GS) across the Northern Hemisphere have been linked to increasing temperatures, associated with global warming. Past studies of GS changes in China have largely been based on phenological observations and satellite data, and little attention has been paid to changes in starting and ending dates of GS. Here we examine changes in the thermal GS over China from 1951 to 2007 based on observed daily surface air temperature. Using five indices, trends of three GS parameters, start, end and length, were determined at 114 high-quality stations over China. Our results show large spatial and temporal differences in the GS parameters in China, where the most prominent changes have occurred in northern China relative to southern China. On average, from 1951 to 2007 the GS has been extended by 2.3 days/decade in northern China where most of these changes is due to an earlier onset of the GS in spring (−1.7 days/decade). In southern China, there is an average increase of GS by 1.3 days/decade with 0.6 days/decade earlier onsets in spring. Furthermore, most stations showing significant trends of GS changes are located in northern China. An extended GS in northern China indicates improved agricultural conditions due to warmer and longer GS. However, this effect may be counteracted by changes in the precipitation pattern.

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“…Menzel et al (2003) used data from 41 meteorological stations across Germany (from 1951 through 2000) to investigate soil frost dynamics. Their results showed that the freeze-free period was extended with increasing air temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the timing and duration of the near-surface soil freeze/thaw status from 1956 to 2006 across China

2015

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Abstract. The near-surface soil freeze/thaw status is an important indicator of climate change. Using data from 636 meteorological stations across China, we investigated the changes in the first date, the last date, the duration, and the number of days of the near-surface soil freeze over the period 1956-2006. The results reveal that the first date of the near-surface soil freeze was delayed by about 5 days, or at a rate of 0.10 ± 0.03 day yr −1 , and the last date was advanced by about 7 days, or at a rate of 0.15 ± 0.02 day yr −1 . The duration of the near-surface soil freeze decreased by about 12 days or at a rate of 0.25 ± 0.04 day yr −1 , while the actual number of the near-surface soil freeze days decreased by about 10 days or at a rate of 0.20 ± 0.03 day yr −1 . The rates of changes in the near-surface soil freeze/thaw status increased dramatically from the early 1990s through the end of the study period. Regionally, the changes in western China were greater than those in eastern China. Changes in the nearsurface soil freeze/thaw status were primarily controlled by changes in air temperature, but urbanization may also play an important role.

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Variations of the climatological growing season (1951–2000) in Germany compared with other countries

Cited by 168 publications

References 37 publications

Spatiotemporal variations of T/ET (the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration) in three forests of Eastern China

Spatiotemporal variations of T/ET (the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration) in three forests of Eastern China

Trends of the thermal growing season in China, 1951–2007

Changes in the timing and duration of the near-surface soil freeze/thaw status from 1956 to 2006 across China

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