Variations of radiation environment on the International Space Station in 2005–2009

Przybyla

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

et al. 2016

The radiation environment encountered in space differs in nature from that on Earth, consisting mostly of highly energetic ions from protons up to iron, resulting in radiation levels far exceeding the ones present on Earth for occupational radiation workers. Since the beginning of the space era, the radiation exposure during space missions has been monitored with various active and passive radiation instruments. Also onboard the International Space Station (ISS), a number of area monitoring devices provide data related to the spatial and temporal variation of the radiation field in and outside the ISS. The aim of the DOSIS (2009DOSIS ( -2011 and the DOSIS 3D (2012-ongoing) experiments was and is to measure the radiation environment within the European Columbus Laboratory of the ISS. These measurements are, on the one hand, performed with passive radiation detectors mounted at 11 locations within Columbus for the determination of the spatial distribution of the radiation field parameters and, on the other, with two active radiation detectors mounted at a fixed position inside Columbus for the determination of the temporal variation of the radiation field parameters. Data measured with passive radiation detectors showed that the absorbed dose values inside the Columbus Laboratory follow a pattern, based on the local shielding configuration of the radiation detectors, with minimum dose values observed in the year 2010 of 195-270 lGy/day and maximum values observed in the year 2012 with values ranging from 260 to 360 lGy/day. The absorbed dose is modulated by (a) the variation in solar activity and (b) the changes in ISS altitude.

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Section: Dosis and Dosis 3d: Tld/dostel Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 67%

DOSIS & DOSIS 3D: long-term dose monitoring onboard the Columbus Laboratory of the International Space Station (ISS)

Przybyla

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

et al. 2016

show abstract

“…We only want to show some baseline comparison in order to bring the measurements performed with the DOSTEL instruments in an overall ISS perspective. For example, four silicon detectors (DB-8) are used for operational dosimetry in the Russian Zvezda module (Lishnevskii et al 2010(Lishnevskii et al , 2012a(Lishnevskii et al , 2012b. These units are at distinct positions with various average shielding thicknesses and provide absorbed dose values in silicon for GCR and SAA contributions separately.…”

Section: Results In Comparison With Other Radiation Detectors Onboardmentioning

confidence: 99%

DOSIS & DOSIS 3D: radiation measurements with the DOSTEL instruments onboard the Columbus Laboratory of the ISS in the years 2009–2016

Burmeister

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

et al. 2017

The natural radiation environment in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) differs significantly in composition and energy from that found on Earth. The space radiation field consists of high energetic protons and heavier ions from Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR), as well as of protons and electrons trapped in the Earth's radiation belts (Van Allen belts). Protons and some heavier particles ejected in occasional Solar Particle Events (SPEs) might in addition contribute to the radiation exposure in LEO. All sources of radiation are modulated by the solar cycle. During solar maximum conditions SPEs occur more frequently with higher particle intensities. Since the radiation exposure in LEO exceeds exposure limits for radiation workers on Earth, the radiation exposure in space has been recognized as a main health concern for humans in space missions from the beginning of the space age on. Monitoring of the radiation environment is therefore an inevitable task in human spaceflight. Since mission profiles are always different and each spacecraft provides different shielding distributions, modifying the radiation environment measurements needs to be done for each mission. The experiments ''Dose Distribution within the ISS (DOSIS)'' (2009-2011) and ''Dose Distribution within the ISS 3D (DOSIS 3D)'' (2012-onwards) onboard the Columbus Laboratory of the International Space Station (ISS) use a detector suite consisting of two silicon detector telescopes (DOSimetry TELescope = DOSTEL) and passive radiation detector packages (PDP) and are designed for the determination of the temporal and spatial variation of the radiation environment. With the DOSTEL instruments' changes of the radiation composition and the related exposure levels in dependence of the solar cycle, the altitude of the ISS and the influence of attitude changes of the ISS during Space Shuttle dockings inside the Columbus Laboratory have been monitored. The absorbed doses measured at the end of May 2016 reached up to 286 lGy/day with dose equivalent values of 647 lSv/day.

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“…The results presented in this work are based on conditions encountered during the maximum of GCR intensity in December 2009. At that time Lishnevskii et al (2012) measured in the Zvezda Service Module of ISS an absorbed dose rate from GCR between 100 lGy/d and 110 lGy/d. The absorbed dose rate calculated in this work (Fig.…”

Section: Dose Rate Dependency On Shielding and Comparison To Experimementioning

confidence: 99%

Organ shielding and doses in Low-Earth orbit calculated for spherical and anthropomorphic phantoms

Advances in Space Research

Reitz

2013