Variations of PM2.5 sources in the context of meteorology and seasonality at an urban street canyon in Southwest Germany

Song, Junwei; Saathoff, H.; Gao, Linyu; Gebhardt, Reiner; Jiang, Feng; Vallon, Magdalena; Bauer, Jonas; Norra, Stefan; Leisner, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119147

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…In contrast, the LV-OOA contributes on average (37 ± 20) % of total OA during the winter period. Song et al (2022) found that the LV-OOA in summer and winter could be from regional transport. More details on the PMF analysis of AMS data are…”

Section: Sources Of Chromophores and Organic Aerosol 310mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to investigate the potential source of organic 155 aerosols, positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis for AMS high-resolution (HR) spectra of organic compounds has been done by using the PMF Evaluation Tool (PET version 3.00D) (Ulbrich et al, 2009). In this study, only mass spectra in the range m/z 12 -120 obtained with the AMS operated in V model (mass resolution: 2000) were included in the PMF analysis (Song et al, 2022). Large ion masses had a low signal-to-noise ratio.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Large ion masses had a low signal-to-noise ratio. The PMF analysis was done as described by (Ulbrich et al, 2009;Song et al, 2022).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the RH had high values before the middle of the campaign in winter, due to windy conditions with almost continuous rain. Therefore, general air pollution including PM2.5 and black carbon was low before March 14 th , 2021, because of precipitation scavenging of aerosol particles (Zikova and Zdimal, 2016;Song et al, 2022). NO2 and O3 were typically anti-correlated with peaks of NO2 in the night and peaks of O3 in the afternoon.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Chromophores and chemical composition of brown carbon characterized at an urban kerbside by excitation-emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry

Jiang

Song

Bauer

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. The optical properties, chemical composition, and potential chromophores of brown carbon (BrC) aerosol particles were studied during typical summer and winter time at a kerbside in downtown Karlsruhe, a city in central Europe. The average absorption coefficient and mass absorption efficiency at 365 nm (Abs365 and MAE365) of BrC were lower in the summer period (1.6 ± 0.5 Mm-1, 0.5 ± 0.2 m2 g-1) than in the winter period (2.8 ± 1.9 Mm-1, 1.1 ± 0.3 m2 g-1). Using a Parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis to identify chromophores, two different groups of highly oxygenated humic-like substances (HO-HULIS) dominated in summer and contributed 96 ± 6 % of total fluorescence intensity. In contrast, less oxygenated-HULIS (LO-HULIS) dominated the total fluorescence intensity in winter with 57 ± 12 %, followed by HO-HULIS with 31 ± 18 %. The statistical analysis of AMS data (positive matrix factorization) and Aqualog excitation-emission spectra (parallel factor analysis) showed that the LO-HULIS chromophores are most likely emitted from biomass burning in winter. Less volatile oxygenated organic aerosol shows good correlations (r > 0.7; p < 0.01, respectively) with HO-HULIS components in summer. The LO-HULIS have a negative correlation (r = -0.6, p < 0.01) with O3, which indicates that the LO-HULIS may be depleted by reaction with ozone. In contrast, the HO-HULIS had a positive correlation (r = 0.7, p < 0.01) with O3, indicating that they may result from oxidation reactions. Five nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) were identified by CIMS (C7H7O3N, C7H7O4N, C6H5O5N, C6H5O4N, and C6H5O3N) which contributed 0.03 ± 0.01 % to the total organic mass, but can explain 0.3 ± 0.1 % of the total absorption of methanol-extracted BrC at 365 nm in winter. Furthermore, we identified 316 potential brown carbon molecules which accounted for 2.5 ± 0.6 % of the organic aerosol mass. Using an average mass absorption efficiency (MAE365) of 9.5 m2 g-1 for these compounds, we can estimate their mean light absorption to be 1.2 ± 0.2 Mm-1, accounting for 32 ± 15 % of the total absorption of methanol-extracted BrC at 365 nm. The potential BrC molecules assigned to the LO-HULIS component had a higher average molecular weight (265 ± 2 Da) and more nitrogen-containing molecules (62 ± 1%) than the molecules assigned to the HO-HULIS components. Our analysis shows that the LO-HULIS, with a high contribution of nitrogen-containing molecules originating from biomass burning, dominate aerosol fluorescence in winter and HO-HULIS, with less nitrogen-containing molecules from less volatile oxygenated organic aerosol, dominate in summer.

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Section: Sources Of Chromophores and Organic Aerosol 310mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large ion masses had a low signal-to-noise ratio. The PMF analysis was done as described by (Ulbrich et al, 2009;Song et al, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Chromophores and chemical composition of brown carbon characterized at an urban kerbside by excitation-emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry

Jiang

Song

Bauer

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…An example for the existing spatio-temporal variations of black carbon in the city of Beijing is given by Schleicher et al (2013). Song et al (2022) analyzed the highly resolved temporal courses of black carbon, sulfate, nitrate, chloride and organics during a summer and winter period at an inner urban location in Karlsruhe. They differentiated various sources for hydrocarbon-like, cooking related, semi-volatile oxygenated and low-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol showing different temporal distribution patterns during day and night.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal dynamics of aerosol distribution in an urban environment recorded in situ by means of a bike based monitoring system

Norra

Song²,

Gebhardt³

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Aerosol pollution in urban areas is highly variable due to numerous single emission sources such as automobiles, industrial and commercial activities as well as domestic heating, but also due to complex building structures redirecting air mass flows, producing leeward and windward turbulences and resuspension effects. In this publication, it is shown that one or even few aerosol monitoring sites are not able to reflect these complex patterns. In summer 2019, aerosol pollution was recorded in high spatial resolution during six night and daytime tours with a mobile sensor platform on a trailer pulled by a bicycle. Particle mass loadings showed a high variability with PM10 values ranging from 1.3 to 221 μg m−3 and PM2.5 values from 0.7 to 69.0 μg m−3. Geostatistics were used to calculate respective models of the spatial distributions of PM2.5 and PM10. The resulting maps depict the variability of aerosol concentrations within the urban space. These spatial distribution models delineate the distributions without cutting out the built-up structures. Elsewise, the overall spatial patterns do not become visible because of being sharply interrupted by those cutouts in the resulting maps. Thus, the spatial maps allow to identify most affected urban areas and are not restricted to the street space. Furthermore, this method provides an insight to potentially affected areas, and thus can be used to develop counter measures. It is evident that the spatial aerosol patterns cannot be directly derived from the main wind direction, but result far more from an interplay between main wind direction, built-up patterns and distribution of pollution sources. Not all pollution sources are directly obvious and more research has to be carried out to explain the micro-scale variations of spatial aerosol distribution patterns. In addition, since aerosol load in the atmosphere is a severe issue for health and wellbeing of city residents more attention has to be paid to these local inhomogeneities.

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Performance-based protocol for selection of economical portable sensor for air quality measurement

Shukla

Gulia

Goyal

et al. 2023

Environ Monit Assess

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Variations of PM2.5 sources in the context of meteorology and seasonality at an urban street canyon in Southwest Germany

Cited by 14 publications

References 99 publications

Chromophores and chemical composition of brown carbon characterized at an urban kerbside by excitation-emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry

Chromophores and chemical composition of brown carbon characterized at an urban kerbside by excitation-emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry

Spatio-temporal dynamics of aerosol distribution in an urban environment recorded in situ by means of a bike based monitoring system

Performance-based protocol for selection of economical portable sensor for air quality measurement

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