Variations of plasma leptin and adiponectin levels in autistic patients

Blardi, Patrizia; Lalla, A. De; Ceccatelli, L.; Vanessa, Guerri; Auteri, Alberto; Hayek, Joussef

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.05.027

Cited by 43 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In support of this notion, Komori et al provided a novel molecular link between leptin and ghrelin signaling, namely, the leptin-induced negative regulatory element-binding protein (NREBP), which suppresses ghrelin signalling21. The high serum leptin levels in the current study is consistent with other studies that reported a significant elevation of leptin levels in autistic children1422. The elevation of leptin levels can be explained in part by the observed significant elevation of androgen levels in autistic children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Furthermore, a role for leptin in brain development and maturation is suggested based on the capacity of leptin to regulate brain weight, brain protein content and several neuronal and glial markers31. The present study revealed a significant positive correlation between leptin and head circumference in the autism group, which could indicate a potential role for leptin in the pathogenesis of autism, as accelerated growth of head circumference in the first year of life is a known feature of autism22. Additionally, leptin replacement in leptin-deficient humans leads to gross changes in brain structure, including an increase in grey matter volume in several discrete areas of the brain and an increase in brain weight30.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

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Altered ghrelin levels in boys with autism: a novel finding associated with hormonal dysregulation

Al-Zaid

Al-Hader

Al-Ayadhi

2014

Sci Rep

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Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unclear pathogenesis. Many clinical observations and hormone studies have suggested the involvement of the neuroprotective hormone ghrelin in autism. The current study aimed to investigate the potential role of ghrelin in autism and to elucidate the associated hormonal dysregulation. This case-control study investigated acyl ghrelin (AG), des-acyl ghrelin (DG), total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), leptin and growth hormone (GH) levels in 31 male children with autism and 28 healthy age and sex-matched controls. Hormone levels were measured in the blood using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemiluminescence immunoassay kits. AG, DG and GH levels were significantly lower in the autism group than in the control group (p ≤ 0.001, p ≤ 0.005 and p ≤ 0.05, respectively). However, TT, FT and leptin levels were significantly higher in the autism group than in the control group (p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.001 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively). Our results for the first time demonstrate low AG and DG levels in autistic children. Considering the capacity of ghrelin to affect neuroinflammatory and apoptotic processes that are linked to autism, this study suggests a potential role for the hormone ghrelin in the pathogenesis of autism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Altered ghrelin levels in boys with autism: a novel finding associated with hormonal dysregulation

Al-Zaid

Al-Hader

Al-Ayadhi

2014

Sci Rep

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“…In a longitudinal study [14], the profile of adiponectin in patients with Rett syndrome was investigated. Rett syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene, and marked by autistic-like behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Adipokine Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorders

et al. 2013

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Background and Objective: The etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is largely unknown, but it seems to involve dysfunction in several biological systems. Among many possible biological pathways, the immune system has emerged as potentially involved. Recent studies have shown association between cytokines (molecules that mediate immune cell interaction) and ASD. Adipokines are cytokines secreted mainly by adipose tissue and may have systemic effects. The main objective of this study was to compare the plasma levels of three adipokines between patients with ASD and healthy controls. Another aim was to correlate the levels of these adipokines and the severity of autistic symptoms as measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Methods: We collected plasma from 30 patients and 19 controls and measured the levels of adiponectin, leptin and resistin using a commercially available kit. We also used the SRS as a tool to assess the severity of autistic symptoms. Results: We found decreased levels of resistin, increased levels of leptin and unaltered levels of adiponectin in plasma from ASD subjects in comparison with controls. There was also a negative correlation between the levels of adiponectin and the severity of symptoms as assessed by the SRS. Conclusion: There are significant changes in the plasma levels of adipokines from patients with ASDs. They suggest the occurrence of systemic changes in ASD and may be hallmarks of the disease.

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“…Blardi et al [21] investigated the serum levels of adipokines in autistic patients, but they did not find significant differences in adiponectin levels in spite of increased leptin levels. The heterogeneity of adipokine profiles across different neuropsychi- atric diseases may be a reflex of the different biological pathways involved in these disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plasma Levels of Leptin and Adiponectin in Fragile X Syndrome

Lisik

Gutmajster²,

Sieroń³

2016

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of familial mental retardation and one of the leading known causes of autism. The mutation responsible for FXS is a large expansion of the CGG repeats in the promoter region of the FMR1 gene, resulting in the transcriptional silencing of the gene. Leptin may be considered a cytokine-like hormone with pleiotropic actions since it may be involved in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions and the immune system response, in addition to playing a role in development. Leptin and adiponectin may act in parallel as opposing metabolic counterparts. The involvement of leptin and adiponectin in the pathophysiology of FXS was hypothesized. Material and Methods: Twenty-three male patients affected by FXS (full mutation in the FMR1 gene) and 24 controls were included in the study. Plasma leptin and adiponectin levels were measured by the ELISA method using commercially available kits. Results: Adiponectin levels in FXS patients were significantly lower than those found in controls (p < 0.04). Leptin levels in FXS patients were significantly higher than those found in controls (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Adipokines may be involved in the psychiatric features observed in FXS patients. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate the role of adiponectin and leptin in FXS.

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Variations of plasma leptin and adiponectin levels in autistic patients

Cited by 43 publications

References 26 publications

Altered ghrelin levels in boys with autism: a novel finding associated with hormonal dysregulation

Altered ghrelin levels in boys with autism: a novel finding associated with hormonal dysregulation

Changes in Adipokine Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Plasma Levels of Leptin and Adiponectin in Fragile X Syndrome

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