Variations of natural 15N abundances in the tissues and digesta of domestic animals.

Sutoh, Madoka; Koyama, Takeo; Yoneyama, T.

doi:10.3769/radioisotopes.36.2_74

Cited by 106 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In the present study, rumen bacteria were 15 N enriched relative to diets (average of 0.93‰) in agreement with in vivo studies (Sutoh et al, 1987 (average of 2.17‰) ; Sutoh et al, 1993 (average of 3.29‰)), but not with in vitro assays (Wattiaux and Reed, 1995 (rumen bacteria depleted in 15 N relative to substrates)). Isotopic N fractionation in bacteria may occur during assimilation, synthesis, transfer and excretion of N compounds (Macko et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Finally, it is important to note that the sample extracted in SAB is considered as representing the total attached microbial population (Martin et al, 1994), and not exclusively composed of bacteria. As rumen protozoa show higher δ 15 N values than rumen bacteria (Sutoh et al, 1987), compatible with a classical diet eater isotopic relation (trophic shift), an increase in δ 15 N of SAB may arise from a small contribution of protozoa to this fraction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Digestible AA once absorbed into the mesenteric vein become metabolically available for anabolic/ catabolic purposes but nitrogenous compounds present in duodenal digesta other than AA, such as purine and pyrimidic bases, are being absorbed concurrently. Given that AA contribution to duodenal flow averaged 85% on a N basis in this experiment (Fanchone et al, 2013), and no big changes in δ 15 N values were expected between duodenum and ileum (Sutoh et al, 1987), δ 15 N values of duodenal digesta were assumed in our conditions to be a good indicator of δ 15 N values of absorbed AA. On that basis, the average metabolic contribution to the isotopic N fractionation between plasma proteins and diet (Δ 15 N plasma protein-diet ) was calculated at 83% ((δ 15 N plasma protein (2.41‰) − δ 15 N duodenal digesta (0.42‰))/δ 15 N plasma protein (2.41‰)), which confirms the small effect of the digestion processes, and the predominant effect of metabolism, on isotopic N fractionation between plasma proteins and diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In this scenario, 15 N enrichment of rumen bacteria relative to diet would only occur if ammonia production from AA catabolism were much higher than bacteria ammonia uptake. In fact, in most ruminant feeding situations the ammonia dynamics would probably lean toward ammonia production from protein catabolism v. ammonia incorporation into microbial cells (Nolan and Leng, 1972), which may explain why rumen bacteria are generally enriched in 15 N relative to diet (Sutoh et al, 1987 and1993). However, as the percentage of rumen ammonia N taken up by rumen bacteria increases and the ammonia production by rumen bacteria decreases (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As of its role in AA catabolism, the liver has been proposed as a key organ contributing to this isotopic N fractionation (Sick et al, 1997;Cantalapiedra-Hijar et al, 2015). In addition, previous findings in ruminants suggest an important role of rumen bacteria in the natural 15 N enrichment of animal proteins relative to diet (Δ 15 N animal-diet ; Sutoh et al, 1987 and1993;Wattiaux and Reed, 1995). However, to date, the potential contribution of rumen digestion to natural 15 N bioaccumulation and thus its impact on the relationship between ENU and the animal isotopic N fractionation (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Relationship between efficiency of nitrogen utilization and isotopic nitrogen fractionation in dairy cows: contribution of digestion v. metabolism?

Cantalapiedra-Hijar

Fouillet

Huneau

et al. 2016

animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animal tissues are naturally 15 N enriched relative to their diet and the extent of this difference (Δ 15 N animal-diet ) has been correlated to the efficiency of N assimilation in different species. The rationale is that transamination and deamination enzymes, involved in amino acid metabolism are likely to preferentially convert amino groups containing 14 N over 15 N. However, in ruminants the contribution of rumen bacterial metabolism relative to animal tissues metabolism to naturally enrich animal proteins in terms of 15 N has been not assessed yet. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of rumen and digestion processes on the relationship between Δ 15 N animal-diet and efficiency of N utilization for milk protein yield (milk N efficiency (MNE); milk N yield/N intake) as well as the relationship between the 15 N natural abundance of rumen bacteria and the efficiency of N use at the rumen level. Solid-and liquid-associated rumen bacteria, duodenal digesta, feces and plasma proteins were obtained (n = 16) from four lactating Holstein cows fed four different diets formulated at two metabolizable protein supplies (80% v. 110% of protein requirements) crossed by two different dietary energy source (diets rich in starch v. fiber). We measured the isotopic N fractionation between animal and diet (Δ 15 N animal-diet ) in these different body pools. The Δ 15 N animal-diet was negatively correlated with MNE when measured in solid-associated rumen bacteria, duodenal digesta, feces and plasma proteins, with the strongest correlation found for the latter. However, our results showed a very weak 15 N enrichment of duodenal digesta (Δ 15 N duodenal digesta-diet mean value = 0.42) compared with that observed in plasma proteins (Δ 15 N plasma protein-diet mean value = 2.41). These data support the idea that most of the isotopic N fractionation observed in ruminant proteins (Δ 15 N plasma protein-diet ) has a metabolic origin with very little direct impact of the overall digestion process on the existing relationship between Δ 15 N plasma protein-diet and MNE. The 15 N natural abundance of rumen bacteria was not related to either rumen N efficiency (microbial N/available N) or digestive N efficiency (metabolizable protein supply/CP intake), but showing a modest positive correlation with rumen ammonia concentration. When using diets not exceeding recommended protein levels, the contribution of rumen bacteria and digestion to the isotopic N fractionation between animal proteins and diet is low. In our conditions, most of the isotopic N fractionation (Δ 15 N plasma protein-diet ) could have a metabolic origin, but more studies are warranted to confirm this point with different diets and approaches. ImplicationsThe difference in the natural abundance of 15 N between an animal and its diet (Δ 15 N animal-diet ) is a good biomarker for predicting the efficiency of N utilization. Our results in dairy cows fed diets not exceeding recommended protein levels demonstrate that digestion processes contribute little to the r...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Relationship between efficiency of nitrogen utilization and isotopic nitrogen fractionation in dairy cows: contribution of digestion v. metabolism?

Cantalapiedra-Hijar

Fouillet

Huneau

et al. 2016

animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Should growing and adult animals fed on the same diet show different δ15N values?

Ponsard

Averbuch

1999

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animals usually show a delta 15N value that is slightly higher than that of their food. The value of this enrichment appears to be fairly constant among species (approximately 3/1000). This phenomenon is more and more widely used in ecological research to study individual diets or the trophic structure of whole communities. However, very little is known about the mechanisms that actually explain how this trophic isotopic enrichment occurs. Most ideas about these mechanisms are only expressed verbally, so that it is difficult to get a clear picture of what is actually known, and how these pieces of knowledge interact. We propose a very simple model that describes mathematically what is currently known on the trophic isotopic enrichment phenomenon in animals. This model cannot replace actual measurements and investigations about the mechanisms explaining the phenomenon. However, it allows the clarification of some ideas such as what conditions have to be fulfilled in order for the trophic isotopic enrichment to occur. Our formalization accounts for all the known features of the trophic isotopic enrichment phenomenon that we consider in this paper in both a qualitative and quantitative manner (at least for orders of magnitude). A prediction of the theory, that can be tested, is that growing animals should show the same delta 15N values as those of adults fed the same diet if the total amount of nitrogen they assimilate during their growth is large compared to the total nitrogen content of their adult body. It seems likely that this condition is fulfilled in most cases.

show abstract

Geographical patterns of human diet derived from stable-isotope analysis of fingernails

Nardoto

Silva

Kendall

et al. 2006

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

118

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of human fingernails were measured in 490 individuals in the western US and 273 individuals in southeastern Brazil living in urban areas, and 53 individuals living in a moderately isolated area in the central Amazon region of Brazil and consuming mostly locally grown foods. In addition, we measured the carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of common food items to assess the extent to which these isotopic signatures remain distinct for people eating both omnivorous and vegetarian diets and living in different parts of the world, and the extent to which dietary information can be interpreted from these analyses. Fingernail delta13C values (mean +/- standard deviation) were -15.4 +/- 1.0 and -18.8 +/- 0.8 per thousand and delta15N values were 10.4 +/- 0.7 and 9.4 +/- 0.6 per thousand for southeastern Brazil and western US populations, respectively. Despite opportunities for a "global supermarket" effect to swamp out carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in these two urbanized regions of the world, differences in the fingernail isotope ratios between southeastern Brazil and western US populations persisted, and appeared to be more associated with regional agricultural and animal production practices. Omnivores and vegetarians from Brazil and the US were isotopically distinct, both within and between regions. In a comparison of fingernails of individuals from an urban city and isolated communities in the Amazonian region, the urban region was similar to southeastern Brazil, whereas individuals from isolated nonurban communities showed distinctive isotopic values consistent with their diets and with the isotopic values of local foods. Although there is a tendency for a "global supermarket" diet, carbon and nitrogen isotopes of human fingernails hold dietary information directly related to both food sources and dietary practices in a region.

show abstract

Variations of natural 15N abundances in the tissues and digesta of domestic animals.

Cited by 106 publications

References 0 publications

Relationship between efficiency of nitrogen utilization and isotopic nitrogen fractionation in dairy cows: contribution of digestion v. metabolism?

Relationship between efficiency of nitrogen utilization and isotopic nitrogen fractionation in dairy cows: contribution of digestion v. metabolism?

Should growing and adult animals fed on the same diet show different δ15N values?

Geographical patterns of human diet derived from stable-isotope analysis of fingernails

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About