Variations of microbial communities and substrate regimes in the eastern Fram Strait between summer and fall

Jackowski, Anabel von; Becker, Kevin W.; Wietz, Matthias; Bienhold, Christina; Zäncker, Birthe; Nöthig, Eva‐Maria; Engel, Anja

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.16036

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Our estimates in FS (2–4 × 10 5 cells mL −1 ) were lower than the summer measures (6–17 × 10 5 cells mL −1 ) reported previously for the West Spitsbergen Current, but comparable with the abundance of 3 × 10 5 cells mL −1 in the East Greenland Current [ 92 ]. Other studies have detected that bacterial abundances in AW of FS in summer and autumn were greater compared to our values [ 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 ]. In the Southern BS, summer bacterial abundances fluctuate over a wide range, but they usually exceed 10 × 10 5 cells mL −1 [ 99 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…This discrepancy suggests spatial differences in microbial communities in the two Arctic locations. Recent studies have reported a clear seasonal succession of the microbial composition in FS [ 65 , 96 , 97 , 98 ]. It should be noted that the plankton samples in FS and in BS were collected in late November and mid-December, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine Plankton during the Polar Night: Environmental Predictors of Spatial Variability

Dvoretsky

Venger

Vashchenko

et al. 2023

Biology

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We studied the spatial patterns of the planktonic ecosystems at two Arctic sites strongly affected by Atlantic Inflow (FS, the Fram Strait; and BS, the Barents Sea). A high degree of similarity in the bacterial abundance (mean: 3.1 × 105 cells mL−1 in FS vs. 3.5 × 105 cells mL−1 in BS) was found, while other plankton characteristics were different. Bacterial biomass reached a maximum in BS (3.2–7.9 mgC m−3), while viral abundances tended to be higher in FS (2.0–5.7 × 106 particles mL−1). Larger bacterial cells were found in BS, suggesting the presence of different bacterial populations at both locations. The virus-to-bacteria ratio was significantly higher in FS than in BS (13.5 vs. 4.7). Chlorophyll a concentration was extremely low (<0.25 mg m−3). The highest zooplankton abundance was in the surface layer (919 individuals m−3 in FS vs. 602 ind. m−3 in BS). Zooplankton biomass strongly varied (1–39 mgC m−3), with the maximum in BS. High proportions of boreal taxa in the total zooplankton abundance indicate the Atlantification of pelagic ecosystems in the Arctic. Plankton indicators are correlated with temperature, salinity, and sampling depth. Strong intercorrelations were found between major plankton groups, suggesting tight links in the studied plankton ecosystems.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Plankton during the Polar Night: Environmental Predictors of Spatial Variability

Dvoretsky

Venger

Vashchenko

et al. 2023

Biology

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“…These patterns mirror the ecological relationships between flavobacteria, phytoplankton, and algal substrates in temperate seas (Teeling et al, 2012). In contrast, the 2019 sampling occurred in August/September, with high SAR11 abundances and low CHO concentrations signifying the transition to oligotrophic conditions in autumn (von Jackowski et al, 2022). Nonetheless, flavobacteria remain translationally active during such periods, even at lower abundances (Priest, Vidal‐Melgosa, et al, 2023).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arctic summer microbiome across Fram Strait: Depth, longitude, and substrate concentrations structure microbial diversity in the euphotic zone

Wietz,

Engel,

Ramondenc

et al. 2024

Environmental Microbiology

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The long‐term dynamics of microbial communities across geographic, hydrographic, and biogeochemical gradients in the Arctic Ocean are largely unknown. To address this, we annually sampled polar, mixed, and Atlantic water masses of the Fram Strait (2015–2019; 5–100 m depth) to assess microbiome composition, substrate concentrations, and oceanographic parameters. Longitude and water depth were the major determinants (~30%) of microbial community variability. Bacterial alpha diversity was highest in lower‐photic polar waters. Community composition shifted from west to east, with the prevalence of, for example, Dadabacteriales and Thiotrichales in Arctic‐ and Atlantic‐influenced waters, respectively. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon peaked in the western, compared to carbohydrates in the chlorophyll‐maximum of eastern Fram Strait. Interannual differences due to the time of sampling, which varied between early (June 2016/2018) and late (September 2019) phytoplankton bloom stages, illustrated that phytoplankton composition and resulting availability of labile substrates influence bacterial dynamics. We identified 10 species clusters with stable environmental correlations, representing signature populations of distinct ecosystem states. In context with published metagenomic evidence, our microbial‐biogeochemical inventory of a key Arctic region establishes a benchmark to assess ecosystem dynamics and the imprint of climate change.

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“…The phytoplankton community shifted towards temperate diatoms at 9 °C, which affected the microbial richness and evenness. The enhanced presence of diatoms prompted the re-appearance of Aurantivirga ( Figure 5 b), which has been linked to Arctic phytoplankton blooms as early responders to fresh organic matter input [ 103 , 104 ]. Furthermore, Marinobacter increased in relative abundance, which is reported to be associated with eukaryotes [ 105 ] and enriched in particles [ 106 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winners and Losers of Atlantification: The Degree of Ocean Warming Affects the Structure of Arctic Microbial Communities

Ahme

Jackowski

Wolf

et al. 2023

Genes

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Arctic microbial communities (i.e., protists and bacteria) are increasingly subjected to an intrusion of new species via Atlantification and an uncertain degree of ocean warming. As species differ in adaptive traits, these oceanic conditions may lead to compositional changes with functional implications for the ecosystem. In June 2021, we incubated water from the western Fram Strait at three temperatures (2 °C, 6 °C, and 9 °C), mimicking the current and potential future properties of the Arctic Ocean. Our results show that increasing the temperature to 6 °C only minorly affects the community, while an increase to 9 °C significantly lowers the diversity and shifts the composition. A higher relative abundance of large hetero- and mixotrophic protists was observed at 2 °C and 6 °C compared to a higher abundance of intermediate-sized temperate diatoms at 9 °C. The compositional differences at 9 °C led to a higher chlorophyll a:POC ratio, but the C:N ratio remained similar. Our results contradict the common assumption that smaller organisms and heterotrophs are favored under warming and strongly indicate a thermal limit between 6 °C and 9 °C for many Arctic species. Consequently, the magnitude of temperature increase is a crucial factor for microbial community reorganization and the ensuing ecological consequences in the future Arctic Ocean.

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Variations of microbial communities and substrate regimes in the eastern Fram Strait between summer and fall

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

Marine Plankton during the Polar Night: Environmental Predictors of Spatial Variability

Marine Plankton during the Polar Night: Environmental Predictors of Spatial Variability

The Arctic summer microbiome across Fram Strait: Depth, longitude, and substrate concentrations structure microbial diversity in the euphotic zone

Winners and Losers of Atlantification: The Degree of Ocean Warming Affects the Structure of Arctic Microbial Communities

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