Variations of ionospheric total electron content during the Chi‐Chi Earthquake

Liu, J. Y.; Chen, Y. I.; Chuo, Y. J.; Tsai, Heng

doi:10.1029/2000gl012511

Cited by 305 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The association of seismic events with ionospheric parameters are known (Pulinets & Boyarchuk 2004). Many researchers have been successful in finding the anomaly character in the ionospheric TEC (Liu et al 2000(Liu et al , 2001Hayakawa & Molchanov 2002;Pulinets 2004;Liu et al 2006;Karia & Pathak 2011;He et al 2012;Karia et al 2013Karia et al , 2014. However, the effect of solar background and its removal from TEC is not addressed in the abovementioned publications.…”

Section: Correlation Coefficient Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TEC is the total number of electrons along the vertical path between the satellite and the ground in 1 m 2 cross section column; TEC is measured in TEC units (1 TECU = 10 16 el/m 2 ) (Mannucci et al 1993;Langley 1996). Many researchers have reported that large seismic activities can be revealed through the unexpected variation in GPS-based TEC of ionosphere (Zaslavski et al 1998;Liu et al 2001;Pulinets et al 2003;Zakharenkova et al 2007;Zakharenkova et al 2008;Namgaladze et al 2009;Karia & Pathak 2011;He et al 2012). The GPS TEC of the ionosphere is mainly controlled by the intensities of solar electromagnetic radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of solar radiation effect based on nonlinear data processing technique for Seismo-Ionospheric Anomaly before few earthquakes

Yadav

Karia

Pathak

2015

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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The study of ionospheric precursorsof earthquakehas gained interest among many researchers, specially the precursor obtained in terms of anomalous variation in total electron content (TEC). If earthquake occurs during a period of moderate to high solar activity, the TEC derived using global positioning system (GPS) measurements requires the elimination of solar effect so as to identify the precursory signature. This paperincludes multi-resolution time series technique to remove the nonlinear effect from solar radiation on GPS-based TEC. The technique is based on wavelet transform applicable to RINEX TEC data. This technique is used to remove nonlinear background solar effect from TEC prior to four different earthquakes (M > 6.0). Further in order to evaluate the extracted TEC, we obtain the correlation between the decomposed TEC A6 and measured solar index (F10.7) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV). A good correlation is obtained between decomposed TEC A6 and EUV for all the cases. This suggests that this technique is useful in removal of background solar effect for identifying earthquake precursor in TEC.

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Section: Correlation Coefficient Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of solar radiation effect based on nonlinear data processing technique for Seismo-Ionospheric Anomaly before few earthquakes

Yadav

Karia

Pathak

2015

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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“…A brief account of effects of seismic activities on the E-and F-regions of the ionosphere can be found in the paper by Pulinets et al (1994). Liu et al (2001) and Chuo et al (2002) have discussed the f 0 F 2 variations related to Taiwan earthquakes and found precursors (afternoon reductions) 1-6 days prior to the main shocks. Dutta et al (2007), also using a ground based ionosonde system, found strong ionospheric perturbations over Delhi a few days prior to the deadly 26 December 2004 Sumtara earthquake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, while performing the Earth's surface deformation observations, the same network of GPS receivers can also be used simultaneously and continuously to monitor the ionospheric TEC (Sardon et al 1994, Leick 1995, Liu et al 1996. Recently, an apparent reduction in GPS TEC was observed a few days prior to some strong earthquakes (Calais and Minster 1995, Liu et al 2001, Zhou et al 2009, Xia et al 2010. Devi et al (2008) reported that the manifestation of seismo-ionospheric effects should be strongly dependent (among others) on regional features of the ionosphere and such an increase in TEC is seen when the epicentre lies away from the observing stations (latitude, longitude or both).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in total electron content associated with earthquakes (M > 5) observed from GPS station, Varanasi, India

Priyadarshi

Kumar

Singh

2011

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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The total electron content (TEC) derived from the global positioning system (GPS) at Varanasi (latitude 25.38 N, longitude 82.998 E), India has been measured during 2007 and 2010. We have chosen nine earthquakes (M 4 5) that occurred within 2000 km of Varanasi during 2007 and 2010 to study the changes in TEC associated with these earthquakes. A monthly median (MM) of the TEC and associated inter quartile range (IQR), upper bound (UB) and lower bound (LB) are utilized as a reference for identifying abnormal signals during all nine earthquakes. The results show anomalous reductions and enhancements in the TEC. These pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies appear within 5 days prior to earthquakes. A possible mechanism responsible for ionospheric anomalies associated with earthquakes is discussed.

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“…Studies have claimed that the ionosphere might be disturbed before strong earthquakes (Chuo et al 2002;Liu et al 2001Zhao et al 2009). Some studies suggested that pre-seismic surface vertical deformation detectable using InSAR may be linked to strong earthquakes (Shan et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Mechanical Constraints when Using Superconducting Gravimeters for Far-Field Pre-Seismic Anomaly Detection

Lan¹,

Yu²,

Hwang³

et al. 2011

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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Pre-seismic gravity anomalies from records obtained at a 1 Hz sampling rate from superconducting gravimeters (SG) around East Asia are analyzed. A comparison of gravity anomalies to the source parameters of associated earthquakes shows that the detection of pre-seismic gravity anomalies is constrained by several mechanical conditions of the seismic fault plane. The constraints of the far-field pre-seismic gravity amplitude perturbation were examined and the critical spatial relationship between the SG station and the epicenter precursory signal for detection was determined. The results show that: (1) the preseismic amplitude perturbation of gravity is inversely proportional to distance; (2) the transfer path from the epicenter to the SG station that crosses a tectonic boundary has a relatively low pre-seismic gravity anomaly amplitude; (3) the pre-seismic gravity perturbation amplitude is also affected by the attitude between the location of an SG station and the strike of the ruptured fault plane. The removal of typhoon effects and the selection of SG stations within a certain intersection angle to the strike of the fault plane are essential for obtaining reliable pre-seismic gravity anomaly results.

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Variations of ionospheric total electron content during the Chi‐Chi Earthquake

Cited by 305 publications

References 10 publications

Removal of solar radiation effect based on nonlinear data processing technique for Seismo-Ionospheric Anomaly before few earthquakes

Removal of solar radiation effect based on nonlinear data processing technique for Seismo-Ionospheric Anomaly before few earthquakes

Changes in total electron content associated with earthquakes (M > 5) observed from GPS station, Varanasi, India

An Analysis of Mechanical Constraints when Using Superconducting Gravimeters for Far-Field Pre-Seismic Anomaly Detection

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