Variations of Essential Oil Constituents in Oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. viridulum (= O. heracleoticum) over Cultivation Cycles

Napoli, Edoardo; Giovino, Antonio; Carrubba, Alessandra; Siong, Vandana How Yuen; Rinoldo, Carmelo; Nina, Onofrio; Ruberto, Giuseppe

doi:10.3390/plants9091174

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…According to the classification by Napoli and Ruberto [ 58 ], two of the tested EOs (TCC and TTC EOs) belong to the thymol chemotype, while the CC EO belongs to the carvacrol chemotype. Thymol and carvacrol are reported as the major components of oregano EOs [ 59 , 60 , 61 ]. Vokou et al [ 62 ] analyzed the chemical composition of the EOs extracted from oregano samples collected in twenty-three localities in Greece.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of Different Chemotypes of Oregano Essential Oil against the Blowfly Calliphora vomitoria Vector of Foodborne Pathogens

Bedini

Farina

Napoli

et al. 2021

Insects

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Blowflies play a substantial role as vectors of microorganisms, including human pathogens. The control of these insect pests is an important aspect of the prevention of foodborne diseases, which represent a significant public health threat worldwide. Among aromatic plants, spices essential oils (EOs) are the most suitable to protect food from insect pests. In this study, we determined the chemical composition of three oregano EOs and assessed their toxicity and deterrence to oviposition against the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria L. The chemical analyses showed that the EOs belonged to three chemotypes: one with a prevalence of carvacrol, the carvacrol chemotype (CC; carvacrol, 81.5%), and two with a prevalence of thymol, the thymol/p-cymene and thymol/γ-terpinene chemotypes (TCC and TTC; thymol, 43.8, and 36.7%, respectively). The bioassays showed that although all the three EOs chemotypes are able to exert a toxic activity against C. vomitoria adults (LD50 from 0.14 to 0.31 μL insect−1) and eggs (LC50 from 0.008 to 0.038 μL cm−2) as well as deter the oviposition (Oviposition Activity Index, OAI, from 0.40 ± 0.04 to 0.87 ± 0.02), the bioactivity of oregano EOs significantly varies among the chemotypes, with the thymol-rich EOs (TCC and TTC) overall demonstrating more effectiveness than the carvacrol-rich (CC) EO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of Different Chemotypes of Oregano Essential Oil against the Blowfly Calliphora vomitoria Vector of Foodborne Pathogens

Bedini

Farina

Napoli

et al. 2021

Insects

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“…The carvacrol content of different chemotypes of O. vulgare is variable and it can be up to 95% ( Gounaris et al, 2002 ). Thymol (36.91–60.14%), γ-terpinene (11.59–24.14%), and p-cymene (2.56–9.38%) were the major components in all OEOs ( Napoli et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of light intensity influence essential oils content, composition and antioxidant activity of thyme, marjoram and oregano

Milenković¹,

Ilić²,

Šunić³

et al. 2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme), Origanum majorana L . (marjoram), and Origanum vulgare L . (oregano) were used to determine whether light modification (plants grown under nets with 40% shaded index or in un-shaded open field) could improve the quantity and quality of essential oils (EOs) and antioxidant activity. The yield of EOs of thyme, marjoram, and oregano obtained after 120 min of hydrodistillation was 2.32, 1.51, and 0.27 mL/100 g of plant material, respectively. At the same time under shading conditions plants synthetized more EOs (2.57, 1.68, and 0.32 mL/100 g of plant material). GC/MS and GC/FID analyses were applied for essential oils determinations. The main components of the thyme essential oil are thymol (8.05–9.35%); γ-terpinene (3.49–4.04%); p-cymene (2.80–3.60%) and caryophyllene oxide (1.54–2.15%). Marjoram main components were terpinene 4-ol (7.44–7.63%), γ-terpinene (2.82–2.86%) and linalool (2.04–2.65%) while oregano essential oil consisted of the following components: caryophyllene oxide (3.1–1.93%); germacrene D (1.17–2.0%) and (E)-caryophyllene (1.48–1.1%). The essential oil from thyme grown under shading (EC 50 value after 20 min of incubation) have shown the highest antioxidant activity – 0.85 mg mL −1 in comparison to marjoram and oregano (shaded plants EC 50 19.97 mg mL −1 and 7.02 mg mL −1 and unshaded, control plants EC 50 54.01 mg mL −1 and 7.45 mg mL −1 , respectively). The medicinal plants are a good source of natural antioxidants with potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. For production practice, it can be recommended to grow medicinal plants in shading conditions to achieve optimal quality parameters.

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“…Within the Origanum genus, O. vulgare is probably more widespread among all species within the genus. Several works confirm a large variability in terms of yields and chemical composition due to a great diversity of factors such as species, soil conditions, harvest season, geographical location, and climatic and growth conditions [ 31 , 32 ]. However, the most common compositional profiles are those that report thymol and/or carvacrol as main components.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil Prevents Behavioral and Oxidative Stress Changes in the Scopolamine Zebrafish Model

et al. 2021

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Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum has been used as medicinal herbs promoting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities. We investigated the protective effects and the mechanism of O. vulgare ssp. hirtum essential oil (OEO) on cognitive impairment and brain oxidative stress in a scopolamine (Sco)-induced zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of cognitive impairment. Our results show that exposure to Sco (100 µM) leads to anxiety, spatial memory, and response to novelty dysfunctions, whereas the administration of OEO (25, 150, and 300 µL/L, once daily for 13 days) reduced anxiety-like behavior and improved cognitive ability, which was confirmed by behavioral tests, such as the novel tank-diving test (NTT), Y-maze test, and novel object recognition test (NOR) in zebrafish. Additionally, Sco-induced brain oxidative stress and increasing of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were attenuated by the administration of OEO. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were used to elucidate the OEO composition, comprising thymol (38.82%), p-cymene (20.28%), and γ-terpinene (19.58%) as the main identified components. These findings suggest the ability of OEO to revert the Sco-induced cognitive deficits by restoring the cholinergic system activity and brain antioxidant status. Thus, OEO could be used as perspective sources of bioactive compounds, displaying valuable biological activities, with potential pharmaceutical applications.

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Variations of Essential Oil Constituents in Oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. viridulum (= O. heracleoticum) over Cultivation Cycles

Cited by 21 publications

References 46 publications

Bioactivity of Different Chemotypes of Oregano Essential Oil against the Blowfly Calliphora vomitoria Vector of Foodborne Pathogens

Bioactivity of Different Chemotypes of Oregano Essential Oil against the Blowfly Calliphora vomitoria Vector of Foodborne Pathogens

Modification of light intensity influence essential oils content, composition and antioxidant activity of thyme, marjoram and oregano

Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil Prevents Behavioral and Oxidative Stress Changes in the Scopolamine Zebrafish Model

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