Variations in trihalomethane levels in three French water distribution systems and the development of a predictive model

Spatial and seasonal variability of tap water disinfection by-products within distribution pipe networks

“…It is only during the last couple of decades that the structural integrity and characteristics of piped UDWDS are studied together with the formation of THM in tap water, including, the size of UDWDS (Dion-Fortier et al, 2009) and the duration of water stagnation (Sadiq and Rodriguez, 2004). Most of field studies collected water samples along the UDWDS (Rodriguez et al, 2003;Pereira et al, 2004;Mouly et al, 2010), while a few of them sampled directly at the points of use in households with a limited number of sampling points (17 households by Symanski et al (2004); 6 houses by Loyola-Sepulveda et al (2009)). Other pertinent field studies considered (i) a limited number of sampled points (>3) along a UDWDS (LeBel et al, 1996), (ii) the effect of water residence time on water DBP levels (Chen and Weisel, 1998), (iii) the selection of sampling points based on distances from the water treatment plants (Baytak et al, 2008), and (iv) the influence of hydraulic parameters (LeBel et al, 1996).…”

Association between exposures to brominated trihalomethanes, hepatic injury and type II diabetes mellitus

“…The magnitude of external THM exposures in Cyprus is quite high when compared with other countries. Mean tap water BrTHM levels were higher in Cyprus (50 μg/L) ) when compared to 2.1 μg/L in Greece (Stayner et al, 2013), or 15 μg/L in France (Mouly et al, 2010).…”

An Assessment of Current and Past Concentrations of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water throughout France

“…With current chlorination practices, THM concentrations increase during water transit in distribution networks. Within a single WDZ, the THM concentration can increase by a mean factor of 2 to 6 from the outlet of DWTP to consumers’ taps [24], and this partly depends on the time for water transit. Consequently drinking water THM is greatly underestimated, especially in widespread networks and networks supplied with water containing high levels of organic matter, i.e., mainly networks supplied with surface water, where re-chlorination stations maintain a chlorine residual everywhere within the distribution network.…”