Variations in the levels of acute-phase proteins and lactoferrin in serum and milk during bovine subclinical mastitis

Abstract

Variations in the levels of acute phase proteins and lactoferrin in serum and milk for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows are described in this research paper. Milking animals from two organized dairy farms in Kerala, India, were screened by California Mastitis Test (CMT), Electrical Conductivity test (EC) and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) test to identify animals affected with sub clinical mastitis (SCM). The concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP) Haptoglobin (Hp), C- reactive protein (CRP), Albumin, Lactoferrin (Lf) and α- 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) in milk and Hp, Albumin, Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and CRP in the serum of 40 normal cows and 40 cows affected with sub clinical mastitis were assessed. Solid phase ELISA was employed for assessment of all parameters except the albumin levels, for which spectrophotometry was used. The values of Hp in milk; and SAA, AGP and Lf in serum, were significantly elevated in the group with sub clinical mastitis. Such variations were found to be independent of the specific bacterial organism causing the disease. These results show that significant variations exist in the levels of acute phase proteins Hp, AGP and Lf in milk, and SAA in serum of animals affected with subclinical bovine mastitis that are not affected by specific bacterial etiology.

Proteomic Serum Profiling of Holstein Friesian Cows with Different Pathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis Reveals Changes in the Acute-Phase Response and Lipid Metabolism

“…Our results showed that biomarker-based ELISAs could be useful diagnostic tools for the detection of subclinical infections, complementing conventional diagnostic methods. However, it is worth mentioning that the use of APPs, such as ORM1, as PTB-biomarkers has some drawbacks as the ELISAs based on the detection of these potential biomarkers can be highly sensitive but sometimes lack specificity as they are found to be elevated in other concurrent inflammatory diseases such as bovine respiratory disease, mastitis, and lameness. − IGFBP2 is a potential biomarker of PTB-associated metabolic disorder that would allow a more specific diagnosis. However, its association with these metabolic disorders in PTB should be further investigated.…”

Udder Health Monitoring for Prevention of Bovine Mastitis and Improvement of Milk Quality

“…However, a comparative test showed that this diagnostic tool’s applicability is limited, and its accuracy is lower compared to other methods, such as the California mastitis test [ 117 , 126 , 127 ]. Other possible biomarkers for mastitis diagnosis, such as procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin (NPT), haptoglobin (HP), serum amyloid A (SAA), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ) [ 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 ], as well as lactose [ 70 ] are now the subject of research and analysis.…”

Gene expression adjustment of inflammatory mechanisms in dairy cow mammary gland parenchyma during host defense against staphylococci

“…Accordingly, LTF has been considered as an important component in the innate defense mechanisms of the mammary gland against mastitis; it has been reported that clinical mastitis causes a significant increase in LTF gene expression in dairy cattle (Kawai et al, 1999;Chaneton et al, 2008;Swanson et al, 2009). However, the information on LTF gene expression in subclinical staphylococcal infection is limited (Raj et al, 2021) As mastitis can be caused by a range of distinct forms of invasive and pathogenic mechanisms caused by different microorganisms, it is likely to display distinct immune reactions. In fact, different immune responses have been associated with udders infected with S. aureus, S. uberis, and Escherichia coli (Hagiwara et al, 2003;Bannerman et al, 2004;Wellnitz and Kerr, 2004;Swanson et al, 2009).…”