Variations in the intrinsic mechanical properties of human articular cartilage with age, degeneration, and water content.

Armstrong, Cecil; Mow, Van C.

doi:10.2106/00004623-198264010-00013

Cited by 675 publications

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“…This increase in both compressive and shear properties with time is directly associated with the deposition of the GAG and collagen inside the constructs and the resulting decrease in the water content or matrix porosity. The dependence of mechanical properties on the hydrogel porosity has been reported for both soft tissue such as articular cartilage [1,44] and hard tissue such as bone [45]. Furthermore, the phase shift angle at 1 Hz increased from 2° to 9° from Day 1 to Day 28, which indicates the internal energy dissipation increase may be the result of the increase in cell matrix deposition with time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…This may be due to their very high water content (>93%) when compared to normal native articular cartilage (~78%). It is known that for osteoarthritic cartilage, the % hydration increases as the histochemical measures increase [1,13,44]; when the hydration of such tissues reaches > 90%, the tissue no longer can provide load support. For the native cartilage, the phase shift angle at 1Hz is about 10° [30], while it is around 9° for chondrocyte-embedded alginate hydrogel constructs after incubation for 28 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5b bottom) showed that there was apparently more deposition at the exteriors of the constructs than the interiors and that the deposition in the interiors decreases with increasing [Ca 2+ ]. Two important differences are noted between these chondrocyteembedded alginate hydrogels tissue engineering constructs and native articular cartilage: 1) the water content of these tissue engineering constructs are very high, i.e., > 93%, whereas in normal articular cartilage it is ~ 78% [44]; and 2) the collagen does not appear to be organized in a layered-anisotropic manner as in native articular cartilage [1].…”

Section: Effects Of [Ca 2+ ] On Biosynthesis and Related Alginate Hydmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium Concentration Effects on the Mechanical and Biochemical Properties of Chondrocyte-Alginate Constructs

et al. 2008

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Alginate gel crosslinked by calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) has been widely used in cartilage tissue engineering. However, most studies have been largely performed in vitro in medium with a calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ]) of 1.8mM, while the calcium level in the synovial fluid of the human knee joints, for example, has been reported to be 4mM or even higher. To simulate the synovial environment, the two studies in this paper were designed to investigate how the alginate scaffold alone, as well as the chondrocytes seeded alginate gel responds to variations in medium [Ca 2+ ]. In Study A, the mechanical properties of 2% alginate hydrogel were tested in 0.15M NaCl and various [Ca 2+ ] (1.0mM, 1.8mM, and 4mM). In Study B, primary bovine chondrocytes was seeded in alginate gel, and biochemical contents and mechanical properties were determined after incubation for 28 days in three [Ca 2+ ] (1.8mM, 4mM, and 8mM). For both studies, it was found that the magnitude of the complex shear modulus (|G*|) at 1Hz doubled and the corresponding phase angle shift angle (δ) increased > 2° as a result of the approximate 4-fold change in [Ca 2+ ]. At high [Ca 2+ ], the chondrocyte glycosaminogylcan (GAG) production inside the chondrocyte-alginate constructs was suppressed significantly. This is likely due to a decrease in the porosity of the chondrocyte-alginate constructs as a result of compaction in structure caused by an increased crosslinking density with [Ca 2+ ]. These may be important considerations in the eventual successful implementation of cartilage tissueengineered constructs in the clinical setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of [Ca 2+ ] On Biosynthesis and Related Alginate Hydmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium Concentration Effects on the Mechanical and Biochemical Properties of Chondrocyte-Alginate Constructs

et al. 2008

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“…The early changes in cartilage tissue, associated with OA, include loss of proteoglycans (PGs) and degradation of the collagen fibril network (Buckwalter and Mankin, 1997). This leads to softening of the tissue (Armstrong and Mow, 1982). Softened articular cartilage fails to resist impact forces during normal loading and this endangers the tissue to fissures and fibrillation (Palmoski and Brandt, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of novel clinically applicable methodology for sensitive diagnostics of cartilage degeneration

Kiviranta

Töyräs²,

Nieminen³

et al. 2007

eCM

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In order efficiently to target therapies intending to stop or reverse degenerative processes of articular cartilage, it would be crucial to diagnose osteoarthritis (OA) earlier and more sensitively than is possible with the existing clinical methods. Unfortunately, current clinical methods for OA diagnostics are insensitive for detecting the early degenerative changes, e.g., arising from collagen network damage or proteoglycan depletion. We have recently investigated several novel quantitative biophysical methods, including ultrasound indentation, quantitative ultrasound techniques and magnetic resonance imaging, for diagnosing the degenerative changes of articular cartilage, typical for OA. In this study, the combined results of these novel diagnostic methods were compared with histological (Mankin score, MS), compositional (proteoglycan, collagen and water content) and mechanical (dynamic and equilibrium moduli) reference measurements of the same bovine cartilage samples. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was conducted to judge the diagnostic performance of each technique. Indentation and ultrasound techniques provided the most sensitive measures to differentiate samples of intact appearance (MS= 0) from early (13) degeneration. Furthermore, these techniques were good predictors of tissue composition and mechanical properties. The specificity and sensitivity analyses revealed that the mechano-acoustic methods, when further developed for in vivo use, may provide more sensitive probes for OA diagnostics than the prevailing qualitative X-ray and arthroscopic techniques. Noninvasive quantitative MRI measurements showed slightly lower diagnostic performance than mechano-acoustic techniques. The compared methods could possibly also be used for the quantitative monitoring of success of cartilage repair.

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“…A previous study by Lipshitz and Glimcher (Lipshitz et al, 1975) concluded that cartilage wear rates increased with increasing normal load and relative speed of the surfaces, but decreased with time, attaining an equilibrium value and may decrease 10 times if synovial fluid was used as the lubricant compared to phosphate buffer saline (0.03 molar; pH7.4). During reciprocating motion, wear was attributed to the interaction between two contacting surfaces and accumulation of microscopic damage, described as interfacial and fatigue (Armstrong and Mow, 1982). In other studies in the knee it has been shown that permanent deformation and wear increased with both increased friction and increased contact stress, these factors typically increased the frictional shear stress and the extent of cartilage wear and degradation (McCann et a/., 2009).…”

Section: Tribology Of Hemiarthroplastymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribology of Hemiarthroplasty

Lizhang¹

2013

Encyclopedia of Tribology

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Variations in the intrinsic mechanical properties of human articular cartilage with age, degeneration, and water content.

Cited by 675 publications

References 0 publications

Calcium Concentration Effects on the Mechanical and Biochemical Properties of Chondrocyte-Alginate Constructs

Calcium Concentration Effects on the Mechanical and Biochemical Properties of Chondrocyte-Alginate Constructs

Comparison of novel clinically applicable methodology for sensitive diagnostics of cartilage degeneration

Tribology of Hemiarthroplasty

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