Variations in the composition, cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of natural polyphenols of edible oils extracted from fresh and dried coconut testa

Narayanankutty, Arunaksharan; Kunnath, Krishnaprasad; Famurewa, Ademola C.; Ramesh, Venkat; Rajagopal, Rajakrishnan; Alfarhan, Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2021.101742

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…A recent study delineating the polyphenolic profile of oils in extracted from fresh and dried coconut testa also revealed the presence of protocatechuic acid, 4‐hydroxy benzoic acid, and ferulic acid in both the oils. The flavonoids catechin and quercetin were also reported 45 . The phytosterol content of coconut testa oils was reported to be in the range of 42.52 to 50.97 mg/100 g 14 and had a mean value of 87 mg/100 g in whole coconut oil 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The flavonoids catechin and quercetin were also reported. 45 The phytosterol content of coconut testa oils was reported to be in the range of 42.52 to 50.97 mg/100 g 14 and had a mean value of 87 mg/100 g in whole coconut oil. 46 The phytosterol content of coconut testa oils reported from the dwarf genotypes or dwarf hybrids are in a similar range of 54.66 to 77.52 mg/100 g whereas the testa oils of tall cultivars show a significant increase 122.39 and 137.73 mg/100 g, indicating the further need for exploration of genotypic variation in the phytosterol content of the oils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical characterization and fatty acid profiles of testa oils from various coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) genotypes

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND Cocos nucifera (L.) is an important plantation crop with immense but untapped nutraceutical potential. Despite its bioactive potential, the biochemical features of testa oils of various coconut genotypes are poorly understood. Hence, in this study, the physicochemical characteristics of testa oils extracted from six coconut genotypes – namely West Coast Tall (WCT), Federated Malay States Tall (FMST), Chowghat Orange Dwarf (COD), Malayan Yellow Dwarf (MYD), and two Dwarf × Dwarf (D × D hybrids) viz., Cameroon Red Dwarf (CRD) × Ganga Bondam Green Dwarf (GBGD) and MYD × Chowghat Green Dwarf (CGD) – were analyzed. RESULTS The proportion of testa in the nuts (fruits) (1.29–3.42%), the proportion of oil in the testa (40.97–50.56%), and biochemical components in testa oils – namely proxidant elements Fe (34.17–62.48 ppm) and Cu (1.63–2.77 ppm), and the total phenolic content (6.84–8.67 mg GAE/100 g), and phytosterol content (54.66–137.73 mg CE/100 g) varied depending on the coconut genotypes. The saturated fatty acid content of testa oils (67.75 to 78.78%) was lower in comparison with that of coconut kernel oils. Similarly, the lauric acid (26.66–32.04%), myristic (18.31–19.60%), and palmitic acid (13.43–15.71%,) content of testa oils varied significantly in comparison with the coconut kernel oils (32–51%, 17–21% and 6.9–14%, respectively). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis revealed the presence of 18 phenolic acids in coconut testa oil. Multivariate analysis revealed the biochemical attributes that defined the principal components loadings. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the genotypes showed two distinct clusters. CONCLUSION This study reveals the genotypic variations in the nutritionally important biochemical components of coconut testa oils. The relatively high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and polyphenol content in testa oils warrant further investigation to explore their nutraceutical potential. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical characterization and fatty acid profiles of testa oils from various coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) genotypes

et al. 2022

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“…Studies have shown that polysaccharides from natural sources play a crucial role in the health of the human body due to their excellent antioxidant or anti‐inflammatory abilities (Fernandes & Coimbra, 2023; Huang et al., 2023). It has been demonstrated that phenolics, derived from natural sources, play a vital role in benefiting health of the body due to their excellent antioxidant or anti‐inflammatory abilities (Abd El‐Hack et al., 2023; Narayanankutty et al., 2022). TPC and TFC are rich in plants, herbs, and flowers, which have antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and lipid‐lowering effects (Chandrasekara & Shahidi, 2018; Purohit et al., 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…inflammatory abilities(Abd El-Hack et al, 2023;Narayanankutty et al, 2022). TPC and TFC are rich in plants, herbs, and flowers, which have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering…”

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confidence: 99%

Acute, subacute, and sub‐chronic toxicity evaluation of Bletilla formosana tubers in rats

Wang,

Zhang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Food Safety and Health

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Bletilla formosana (Hayata) Schltr. is an important economic medicinal and edible plant in China. Its tubers (BFTs) are traditionally consumed as a beverage and canned foods for promoting human health. In this paper, the nutrients, the contents of total phenol, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, and the safety and toxicity of BFT are determined. The chemical analysis reported that BFT is rich in proteins, polysaccharides, polyphenols, flavonoids, and trace elements. The acute (14 days), subacute (28 days), and sub‐chronic (90 days) toxicities of BFT were evaluated for the first time in female and male rats. An acute toxicity study showed that the female rats by single oral administrations of BFT with 10,000 mg/kg body weight (BW) did not have behavioral changes and mortality, indicating that 50% lethal dose (LD50) of BFT was over 10,000 mg/kg BW. Similarly, BFT at 5000 mg/kg BW for consecutive 28 and 90 days in rats was also not toxic for rats after the analysis of physiological and biochemical parameters. Additionally, there are no significant differences on the histopathological changes of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, ovary, or testis between the control and BFT groups. Our findings revealed that BFT with concentration of less than 5000 mg/kg BW are safe for the female or male rats, indicating that BFT could be regarded as a safe food source.

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“…In several studies on the structure of coconuts, either in vitro tissues of coconuts were obtained for observation and analysis at the microscopic level [7,8], or the medicinal value of extracts isolated from coconuts was studied [9]. Most studies still cut coconuts to observe their macroscopic morphological structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization and quantification of coconut using advanced computed tomography postprocessing technology

et al. 2023

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Introduction Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive examination tool that is widely used in medicine. In this study, we explored its value in visualizing and quantifying coconut. Materials and methods Twelve coconuts were scanned using CT for three months. Axial CT images of the coconuts were obtained using a dual-source CT scanner. In postprocessing process, various three-dimensional models were created by volume rendering (VR), and the plane sections of different angles were obtained through multiplanar reformation (MPR). The morphological parameters and the CT values of the exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp, embryo, bud, solid endosperm, liquid endosperm, and coconut apple were measured. The analysis of variances was used for temporal repeated measures and linear and non-linear regressions were used to analyze the relationship between the data. Results The MPR images and VR models provide excellent visualization of the different structures of the coconut. The statistical results showed that the weight of coconut and liquid endosperm volume decreased significantly during the three months, while the CT value of coconut apple decreased slightly. We observed a complete germination of a coconut, its data showed a significant negative correlation between the CT value of the bud and the liquid endosperm volume (y = −2.6955x + 244.91; R2 = 0.9859), and a strong positive correlation between the height and CT value of the bud (y = 1.9576 ln(x) −2.1655; R2 = 0.9691). Conclusion CT technology can be used for visualization and quantitative analysis of the internal structure of the coconut, and some morphological changes and composition changes of the coconut during the germination process were observed during the three-month experiment. Therefore, CT is a potential tool for analyzing coconuts.

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Variations in the composition, cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of natural polyphenols of edible oils extracted from fresh and dried coconut testa

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Physicochemical characterization and fatty acid profiles of testa oils from various coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) genotypes

Physicochemical characterization and fatty acid profiles of testa oils from various coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) genotypes

Acute, subacute, and sub‐chronic toxicity evaluation of Bletilla formosana tubers in rats

Visualization and quantification of coconut using advanced computed tomography postprocessing technology

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