Variations in the composition and properties of milk from the individual cow

Eckles, Clarence Henry

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.43631

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The results indicate that the overall setback is more prominent in the case of the Shorthorns than the Afrikaners, although both breeds suffer markedly from the accepted principle that animals on a low nutritional plane are inclined to use their feed more efficiently than do individuals on a higher nutritional planein the ruminant, however, provided the micro-flora can be maintained. The early studies by Eckles (1913), showing digestibility in the dairy cow to be lower at full feed than at maintenance, have been confirmed by later workers, inter alia Brody (1945), Maynard (1947), Morrison (1947).…”

Section: W -W ---mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Many workers on growth (Waters, 1909;Henseler, 1914;Eckles & Swett, 1918;Trowbridge, Moulton & Haigh, 1918;Lush, Jones, Dameron & Carpenter, 1930;Espe, Cannon & Hansen, 1932;Hammond, 1932;Schutte, 1935;McMeekan, 1938McMeekan, , 1940McMeekan, , 1941Raath, 1941;Bonsma, F. N. 1944;Wallace, 1948;Starke, 1951;Palsson & Verges, 1952;etc. ) have illustrated and stressed the marked influence which environmental conditions and especially nutrition, have thereon.…”

Section: Effects On Growth and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In this connexion Eckles & Swett (1918) state that a strong tendency does exist for animals to recover from retarded growth if the conditions are favourable later. If the retardation, especially of skeletal growth, has gone too far the animals will not, however, reach the normal size.…”

Section: Effects On Growth and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The influence of winter nutritional depressions on the growth, reproduction and production of cattle

Joubert¹

1954

J. Agric. Sci.

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1. During the period May 1948 to May 1952, a study was made of the influence of seasonal fluctuations in the nutritive value of the natural pastures in the Bankenveld region of the Transvaal, on the growth, reproduction and production of cattle. The paired method of investigation was adopted, each heifer maintained on grazing alone having a related counterpart of the same age which received supplementary feeding during the winter months. The former treatment was termed ‘Low plane’, and the latter referred to as the ‘High plane’. Four breeds were included in the investigation, viz. Friesians and Jerseys, and Shorthorns and Afrikaners, thus representative of both dairy and beef types. The latter breed also represented the stock indigenous to South Africa. Initially five pairs per breed were studied, but deaths and other causes depleted the numbers to twenty-eight head after 4 years of investigation.2. Since the investigation formed part of a series of studies which have been in progress at the University of Pretoria and Agricultural Research Institute during the past two decades, the results of which hitherto remained unpublished, a review is provided in the early chapters. To furnish some indication of the natural conditions ruling in the Bankenveld region, the agro-ecological background is discussed, particular attention being paid to physical and nutritional factors. It is shown that for at least 6 months of the year the climate tends to be subtropical, whilst the results of digestion trials on pasture samples, indicated serious nutritional depressions in the natural grazing during winter.

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Section: W -W ---mentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Effects On Growth and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The influence of winter nutritional depressions on the growth, reproduction and production of cattle

Joubert¹

1954

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…Owing to lack of other information the various observations on rates of growth of cattle at research stations (Eckles, 1920;Bartlett & Jameson, 1932;Morrison, 1956) have often been described and used as 'standard' growth curves, in spite of the fact that they were usually not presented as representative samples of the respective breeds and the conditions of feeding and management were not necessarily representative of commercial conditions. It could be somewhat misleading to compare growth rates of animals reared under known conditions with these curves.…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Rate Of Live-weight Gain In Calvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growth rate of heifers in a dairy herd

1963

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Of the many factors which might be expected to influence the birth weight and rate of growth of heifers only the nutritional aspects have received widespread attention (e.g. Morrison, 1956;Roy, 1958). Control of rate of gain rather than absolute rate of gain has been the main interest. A number of husbandry problems are concerned with the latter, however. These include the relationship of rate of growth and subsequent milk production (Reid

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“…It is only one of a number of factors controlling the birth weight. Hammond (1935) has shown that ewes well fed during pregnancy have big lambs; Eckles (1919) found that while diet might affect birth weight, breed was more important. Toverud (1933) found that a good maternal diet in the last month of human pregnancy improved the birth weight.…”

Section: Carbohydratementioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Diet on Pregnancy and Lactation in the Mother, the Growth and Viability of the Foetus, and Post-Natal Development. Part 1. Pregnancy

Garry¹

1944

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Andrews): Pregnancy is a natural process and should continue so to be regarded both by the medical profession and by the lay public. Nevertheless it is probably true that pregnancy is a strain on the maternal organism, metabolically as well as physically. The factor of safety with which the human body is endowed in all its activities may be exceeded. Thus, it is possible that deficiencies, latent under conditions of normal life, may become patent during pregnancy. Moreover, we should not close our eyes to the fact that our social system is such that this period of inevitable, natural, physiological strain is too often accompanied by financial stringency. The increased demands of pregnancy and of motherhood are not met by increased provision of help in the home.Although much attention has been paid to the grosser catastrophes and mechanical difficulties of pregnancy and of labour we are still woefully ignorant of the more subtle metabolic changes associated with the nutrition of the unborn child. We have barely begun to understand the role of the placenta in conveying food materials and oxygen to, and removing waste from, the foetus. In addition, the placenta seems to act as a temporary maternal ductless gland. Thus, true appreciation of the importance of proximate principles and of accessory food factors must wait on greater knowledge of placental and foetal metabolism.All we can hope to do a t present is to record observations, to rely on frank empiricism. From studies of experimental and of farm animals, and from the experiences of mankind, we are accumulating data concerning nutrition with reference to successful pregnancy. But, until such knowledge becomes truly scientific, we shall fail to resolve our uncertainties, dispose of controversy, check the excesses of the less critical enthusiasts and gain the wholehearted support of the more sceptical among us. We are at present unable to aseess accurately the causes of wastage of young life, both in lower animals and in man; during pregnancy and in the neo-natal period. Statistics show that such wastage is serious. It is our task to try to find the part played by proper nutrition in ensuring normal pregnancy and viable healthy offspring. 226Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi

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Variations in the composition and properties of milk from the individual cow

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

The influence of winter nutritional depressions on the growth, reproduction and production of cattle

The influence of winter nutritional depressions on the growth, reproduction and production of cattle

The growth rate of heifers in a dairy herd

The Influence of Diet on Pregnancy and Lactation in the Mother, the Growth and Viability of the Foetus, and Post-Natal Development. Part 1. Pregnancy

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